MIRA INFORM
REPORT
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Report
Date : |
11.05.2007 |
IDENTIFICATION DETAILS
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Name : |
NOKIA INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED |
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Registered
Office : |
4th Floor, |
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Country: |
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Financials
(as on): |
31.03.2005 |
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Date
of Incorporation : |
23.05.1995 |
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CIN
No.: [Company
Identification No.] |
U74899DL1995PTC068904 |
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Com.
Reg. No.: |
55-68904 |
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TAN
No.: [Tax Deduction
& Collection Account No.] |
DELN05529G DELN06295C |
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PAN
No.: [Permanent
Account No.] |
AAACN2170R |
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Legal
Form : |
Private Limited Liability Company |
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Line
of Business : |
Mobile Phone, Multimedia, |
RATING
& COMMENTS
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MIRA’s
Rating : |
Aa |
RATING
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STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
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71-85 |
Aa |
Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for credit
transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of interest
and principal sums |
Large |
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Maximum
Credit Limit : |
USD
3000000 |
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Status
: |
Good |
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Payment
Behaviour : |
Regular |
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Litigation
: |
Clear |
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Comments
: |
Subject is a well established company and part of
worldwide Nokia Group. Available information indicates high financial
responsibility of the company. Trade relations are fair. Fundamentals are
strong and healthy. The company can be considered good for any normal business
dealings. It can be regarded as a promising business partner in medium to
long run. We are still trying for March 2006 results. Management categorily denied to part due to fierce
competition in the Indian market. |
LOCATIONS
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Registered
Office : |
4th Floor, Commercial Plaza, Radisson Complex,
National Highway No. 8, Mahipalpur, New Delhi 110032, Delhi, India |
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Tel.
No.: |
91-11-26784100 |
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Fax
No.: |
91-11-26779149 / 52227420 |
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E-Mail
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Website
: |
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Location : |
Commercial |
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Nokia
Networks: |
701,
Nokia
3F. 573 Dealing Chambers, JM
Road, MAHARASTRA, 411004, INDIA INPUN01, 00002952, 2951 PUNE city Nokia Telecom, |
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Regional Head Office: |
Nokia Nokia Asia-Pacific Mobile
Phones, Networks, Nokia Nokia
Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia
Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia Location:
Nokia Nokia |
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Branches
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Nokia Internet Communications, SDE Serence Chambers 802-334, Road No. 7, Banjara Hills, Tel: 91-40-23550612, 23550613, 23540734, 23540745,
23540735 Fax : 91-40-23540736, 23551795 Banglore 88 Brigade Chambrers, Gandhi Bazar, Basavangudi,
Banglore-560004 Tel No.: 91-80-26626692, 26626694, 26626693, Fax No: 91-40-23540736, 23551795 Ahmedabad 209/210, Sakar III, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad 380006 Mumbai Garden Court Complex, gala 9 & 10, Block 16 Patilputra, Tel No.: 91-22-26363249, 27781830 Fax No: 91-22-27876699 |
DIRECTORS
|
Name : |
Mr. Sanjeev Sharma |
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Designation
: |
Managing Director |
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Address: |
C-63, 2nd Floor, Defence Colony, |
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Date
of Birth/Age : |
9/9/1961 |
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Date
of Appointment : |
29/03/2002 |
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Name : |
Mr. C Suresh Wadhwani |
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Designation
: |
Whole Time Director |
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Address: |
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Date
of Birth/Age : |
11/4/1961 |
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Date
of Appointment : |
6/12/1995 |
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Name : |
Mr. Ambrish Bakaya |
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Designation
: |
While Time Director |
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Address: |
G-2, 1st Floor, kailash Colony, |
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Date
of Birth/Age : |
2/3/1961 |
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Date
of Appointment : |
22/9/1997 |
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Name : |
Mr. Ashish Chowdhary |
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Designation
: |
Director |
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Address: |
D –1/ 15, 2nd Floor, Vasant Vihar, |
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Date
of Birth/Age : |
29/07/1965 |
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Date
of Appointment : |
2/7/2004 |
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Name : |
Mr. P Subba Rao |
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Designation
: |
Director |
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Address: |
B 3/ F 1, Opposite Seeshmahal, Ameerpet Colony, |
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Date
of Birth/Age : |
29/07/1965 |
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Date
of Appointment : |
2/7/2004 |
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Name : |
Mr. Bathina Nath Sridhar |
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Designation
: |
Director |
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Address: |
72 Whisper Valley, Banjara Hills, |
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Date
of Birth/Age : |
01.07.1957 |
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Date
of Appointment : |
25.03.2002 |
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Name : |
Mr. Lehtela J Johannes |
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Designation
: |
Director |
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Address: |
Flat C – 1,Mill Bank No. 4, Boatclvrrd 3AVE, Chennai – 600 028, Tamilnadu. |
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Date
of Birth/Age : |
28.12.1958 |
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Date
of Appointment : |
01.07.2005 |
MAJOR
SHAREHOLDERS
|
Names of Shareholders |
No. of Shares |
Percentage of Holding |
|
Nokia Corporation |
35579299 |
100 % |
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Nokia |
1 |
-- |
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TOTAL |
35579300 |
100 % |
BUSINESS
DETAILS
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Line
of Business : |
Mobile Phone, Multimedia, |
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Products: |
Software Telecommunication |
GENERAL
INFORMATION
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Auditors
: |
Lovelock and Lewes Chartered Accountants |
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Holding
Company: |
Nokia Corporation, |
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Subsidiaries
company: |
v v Nokia (Hongkong ) Limited v Nokia ( v Nokia Inc. v Nokia TMC Limited - v Nokia UK Limited v Nokia Australia Pty Limited v Nokia v Israel Communication Limited, v Nokia Italia S.P. A. Italy v Nokia Japan Company Limited, v Nokia Pte Limited, v Nokia Kounikasyon Limited, Sti v Nokia Taiwan Company Limited , v Nokia Devenezuela C A v Nokia v Nokia ( v Nokia v Nokia v Nokia v Nokia ( v Nokia |
CAPITAL
STRUCTURE
Authorised
Capital :
|
No. of
Shares |
Type |
Value |
Amount |
|
3600000 |
Equity Shares |
Rs. 10/- each |
Rs. 360.000 Millions |
Issued,
Subscribed & Paid-up Capital :
|
No. of
Shares |
Type |
Value |
Amount |
|
35579300 |
Equity Shares |
Rs. 10/- each |
Rs. 355.793 Millions |
FINANCIAL
DATA
[all
figures are in Rupees Millions]
ABRIDGED
BALANCE SHEET
|
SOURCES OF FUNDS |
31.03.2005 |
31.03.2004 |
31.03.2003 (15 Month) |
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SHAREHOLDERS
FUNDS |
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1] Share
Capital |
355.793 |
355.793 |
355.793 |
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2] Share
Application Money |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
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3]
Reserves & Surplus |
1458.297 |
881.474 |
381.178 |
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4]
(Accumulated Losses) |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
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NETWORTH
|
1814.090 |
1237.267 |
736.971 |
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LOAN
FUNDS |
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1]
Secured Loans |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
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2]
Unsecured Loans |
0.000 |
0.000 |
250.000 |
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TOTAL
BORROWING
|
0.000 |
0.000 |
250.000 |
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DEFERRED
TAX LIABILITIES |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
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TOTAL
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1814.090 |
1237.267 |
986.971 |
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APPLICATION OF FUNDS
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FIXED ASSETS [Net Block]
|
231.575 |
72.447 |
94.296 |
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Capital work-in-progress
|
35.509 |
7.228 |
0.000 |
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INVESTMENT
|
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
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DEFERREX TAX ASSETS
|
139.620 |
17.466 |
15.643 |
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CURRENT ASSETS, LOANS & ADVANCES
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Inventories
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3187.713
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1347.370 |
389.652 |
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Sundry Debtors
|
10423.446
|
2576.983 |
1089.547 |
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Cash & Bank Balances
|
3256.976
|
1737.039 |
688.427 |
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Other Current Assets
|
12.209
|
0.572 |
3.435 |
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Loans & Advances
|
1396.673
|
663.337 |
414.956 |
Total Current Assets
|
18277.017
|
6325.101 |
2586.017 |
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Less : CURRENT LIABILITIES & PROVISIONS
|
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Current Liabilities
|
15197.348
|
4358.100 |
1361.953 |
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Provisions
|
1672.283
|
826.878 |
347.032 |
Total Current Liabilities
|
16869.631
|
5184.978 |
1708.985 |
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Net
Current Assets
|
1407.386
|
1140.126 |
877.032 |
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MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES
|
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
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TOTAL
|
1814.090 |
1237.267 |
986.972 |
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PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT
|
PARTICULARS |
31.03.2005 |
31.03.2004 |
31.03.2003 (15 Month) |
Sales Turnover [including other income]
|
57521.765 |
25738.834 |
9486.064 |
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Profit/(Loss) Before Tax
|
911.085 |
797.109 |
791.577 |
Provision for Taxation
|
344.262 |
296.814 |
301.899 |
Profit/(Loss) After Tax
|
576.823 |
500.295 |
489.678 |
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Import Value
|
NA |
NA |
7075.043 |
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Total Expenditure
|
56610.699 |
24581.725 |
8573.258 |
KEY
RATIOS
|
PARTICULARS |
|
31.03.2005 |
31.03.2004 |
31.03.2003 (15 Month) |
PAT / Total Income
|
(%)
|
1.00
|
1.94 |
5.16 |
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Net Profit Margin
(PBT/Sales) |
(%) |
1.58
|
3.10 |
8.41 |
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Return on Total Assets
(PBT/Total
Assets} |
(%) |
4.92
|
12.41 |
29.36 |
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Return on Investment (ROI)
(PBT/Networth) |
|
0.50
|
0.64 |
1.07 |
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Debt Equity Ratio
(Total
Liability/Networth) |
|
9.30
|
4.19 |
2.66 |
|
|
|
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|
|
Current Ratio
(Current
Asset/Current Liability) |
|
1.08
|
1.22 |
1.51 |
6422.242
LOCAL
AGENCY FURTHER INFORMATION
Performance of the Company:
The operational performance of the company during the year ended
31.03.2005 was quite encouraging with increasing in revenue and profits. All
the division of the company have also contribute to the revenue substantially.
The performance of the company was buoyant. The R & D division has achieved
success by introducing various new systems, which had enable the company to
improve the product mix substantially to cater to the new markets. The
substantial growth in the revenue of the company could be possible because of
the drive and dedicated efforts of the management. The company has recently
introduced the costliest handset which was well accepted by the market.
Future Prospects:
The prospects of the
company are very bright in the coming years. The company has taken a lead in
establishing its place in CDMA market. in GSM market the company is far ahead
of the competitors. New models, which were introduced in the market, were
all accepted and the company is
confident in introducing new models,
which meet the requirements of the market. The company is in the final stage of
commissioning a manufacturing plant in the SEZ of chennai, which will enable
the company to have a higher penetration in the markets.
Incorporated on May 23,
1995 the subject is engaged in the business of Manufactures and Suppliers of
Mobile Phone, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions and Networks
A world leader in mobile
communications, Nokia has established itself as the leading preferred brand in
many markets where it is present in Asia Pacific
Located
at Alexandra Technopark in
With effect from January 1, 2004 Nokia reorganized its structure
in a move to further align the company’s overall structure with its strategy.
The company includes four business groups:
Mobile Phone
Multimedia
Network
Nokia also includes two horizontal groups that support the mobile
device business groups : customers and Market Operations and Technology
Platforms.
Press Clippings
NOKIA: Nokia's hottest spot
Monday, June 13, 2005
No other telecom equipment company had a more eventful year
than Nokia. The Finnish vendor registered a huge 140 percent growth in its
business in
Even though there was lot more competition in both the
mobile phone segment last year, Nokia remained the undisputed leader. Besides
its wide range of phones and the widespread business infrastructure that it has
in
In many ways, Nokia's success in
V&D estimates CyberMedia Research
Highlights
v
v Nokia
v Infrastructure business contributed
Rs 27710 millions
v Nokia announced plans to set up
mobile handsets and infrastructure equipment manufacturing plant in
The responsibilities of the Board of Directors
The Board of Directors represents and is accountable to the shareholders of the
company. The Board's responsibilities are active and not passive and include
the responsibility to regularly evaluate the strategic direction of the
company, management policies and the effectiveness with which management
implements its policies. The Board's responsibilities further include
overseeing the structure and composition of the company's top management and
monitoring legal compliance and the management of risks related to the
company's operations. In doing so the Board may set out annual ranges and/or
individual limits for capital expenditures, investments and divestitures and
financial commitments not to be exceeded without Board approval.
The Board has the responsibility for appointing and discharging the Chief
Executive Officer and the President and the other members of the Group
Executive Board. Subject to the requirements of Finnish law, the independent
directors of the Board will confirm the compensation and the employment
conditions of the Chief Executive Officer and the President upon the
recommendation of the Personnel Committee. The compensation and employment
conditions of the other members of the Group Executive Board are approved by
the Personnel Committee.
The basic responsibility of the members of the Board is to act in good faith
and with due care so as to exercise their business judgment on an informed
basis in what they reasonably and honestly believe to be the best interests of
the company and its shareholders. In discharging that obligation, the directors
must inform themselves of all relevant information reasonably available to
them.
Election, composition and meetings of the Board of Directors
Pursuant to the articles of association, Nokia Corporation has a Board of
Directors composed of a minimum of seven and a maximum of ten members. The
members of the Board are elected for a term of one year at each Annual General
Meeting, which convenes each March or April. Since the Annual General Meeting
held on April 7, 2005, the Board has consisted of ten members. Nokia's CEO, Mr.
Jorma Ollila, also serves as the Chairman of the Board. The other members of
the Board are all non-executive and independent as defined in the Finnish rules
and regulations. The Board convened nine times during 2004, three of the
meetings were held in the form of a conference call, and the average ratio of
attendance at the meetings was 100%. The non-executive directors meet without
executive directors twice a year, or more often as they deem appropriate. Such
sessions are presided over by the Vice Chairman of the Board or, in his
absence, the most senior non-executive member of the Board. In addition, the
independent directors meet separately at least annually. The Board and each committee
also has the power to hire independent legal, financial or other advisors as it
deems necessary.
The Board elects a Chairman and a Vice Chairman from among its members for one
term at a time. On April 7, 2005 the Board resolved that Mr. Jorma Ollila
should continue to act as Chairman and that Mr. Paul J. Collins should continue
to act as Vice Chairman. The Board also appoints the members and the chairmen
for its committees from among its non-executive, independent members for one
term at a time.
Under Finnish law, if the roles of the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer
are combined, the company must have a President. The responsibilities of the
President are defined in the Finnish Companies Act and other relevant
legislation along with any additional guidance and instructions given from time
to time by the Board and the Chief Executive Officer. The responsibilities of
the Chief Executive Officer are determined by the Board.
The Board and each of its committees conducts annual performance self-evaluations,
the results of which are discussed in the committees, respectively, and in the
full Board. The Corporate Governance Guidelines concerning the directors'
responsibilities, the composition and selection of the Board, Board committees
and certain other matters relating to corporate governance are available
through the following link
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee consists of a minimum of three members of the Board, who
meet all applicable independence, financial literacy and other requirements of
Finnish law and the rules of the stock exchanges where Nokia shares are listed,
including the Helsinki Exchanges and the New York Stock Exchange. Since April
7, 2005, the Committee has consisted of the following four members of the
Board: Messrs. Per Karlsson (Chairman), Georg Ehrnrooth, Vesa Vainio and Arne
Wessberg.
The Audit Committee is established by the Board primarily for the purpose of
overseeing the accounting and financial reporting processes of the company and
audits of the financial statements of the company. The Committee is responsible
for assisting the Board's oversight of (1) the quality and integrity of the
company's financial statements and related disclosure, (2) the external
auditor's qualifications and independence, (3) the performance of the external
auditor subject to the requirements of Finnish law, (4) the performance of the
company's internal controls and risk management and assurance function, and (5)
the company's compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Committee
also maintains procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of
complaints received by the company regarding accounting, internal controls, or
auditing matters and for the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of
the company of concerns regarding accounting or auditing matters.
Under Finnish law, their external auditor is elected by their shareholders at
the Annual General Meeting. The Committee makes a recommendation to the
shareholders in respect of the appointment of the external auditor based upon
its evaluation of the qualifications and independence of the auditor to be
proposed for election or re-election. The Committee meets at least four times
per year based upon a schedule established at the first meeting following the
appointment of the Committee. The Committee meets separately with the
representatives of the management and the external auditor at least twice a
year. The Audit Committee convened three regular meetings and one extended
regular meeting in 2004.
Personnel Committee
The Personnel Committee consists of a minimum of three members of the Board,
who meet all applicable independence requirements of Finnish law and the rules
of the stock exchanges where Nokia shares are listed, including the Helsinki
Exchanges and the New York Stock Exchange. Since April 7, 2005, the Personnel
Committee has consisted of the following four members of the Board: Mr. Paul J.
Collins (Chairman), Mr. Daniel R. Hesse, Dame Marjorie Scardino and Mr. Vesa
Vainio.
The primary purpose of the Personnel Committee is to oversee the personnel
policies and practices of the company. It assists the Board in discharging its
responsibilities relating to all compensation, including equity compensation,
of the company's executives and the terms of employment of the same. The
Committee has overall responsibility for evaluating, resolving and making
recommendations to the Board regarding (1) compensation of the company's top
executives and their employment conditions, (2) all equity-based plans, (3)
incentive compensation plans, policies and programs of the company affecting
executives, and (4) other significant incentive plans. The Committee is
responsible for ensuring that the above compensation programs are
performance-based, properly motivate management, support overall corporate
strategies and align with shareholders' interests. The Committee is responsible
for the review of senior management development and succession plans. The
Personnel Committee convened three times in 2004.
Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee
The Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee consists of three to five
members of the Board, who meet all applicable independence requirements of
Finnish law and the rules of the stock exchanges where Nokia shares are listed,
including the Helsinki Exchanges and the New York Stock Exchange. Since April
7, 2005, the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee has consisted of the
following three members of the Board: Dame Marjorie Scardino (Chairman), Mr.
Paul J. Collins and Mr. Vesa Vainio.
Te Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee's purpose is (1) to prepare
the proposals for the general meetings in respect of the composition of the
Board along with the director remuneration to be approved by the shareholders,
and (2) to monitor issues and practices related to corporate governance and to
propose necessary actions in respect thereof.
The Committee fulfills its responsibilities by (i) actively identifying
individuals qualified to become members of the Board, (ii) recommending to the
shareholders the director nominees for election at the Annual General Meetings,
(iii) monitoring significant developments in the law and practice of corporate
governance and of the duties and responsibilities of directors of public
companies, (iv) assisting the Board and each committee of the Board in its
annual performance self-evaluation, including establishing criteria to be used
in connection with such evaluation, and (v) developing and recommending to the
Board and administering the Corporate Governance Guidelines of the company. The
Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee convened five times in 2004.
JOINT VENTURE
Nokia
has entered into several joint ventures over time, particularly in the areas of
manufacturing and research and development. Regional joint ventures have proven
to be an effective way to combine Nokia's global technology leadership with
strong local partners to accomplish faster and higher market penetration in new
and emerging markets.
Meridea Financial Software
- Established 2001
- New company founded by 3i,
Accenture, Nokia and Sampo for producing and marketing of software for
mobile and online financial services
Nokia (
- Established 2001
- Established in 1998 as
soly-owned foreign company, became Joint Venture in 2001
- Production of GSM base station
and cellular transmission product
- Partner Shanghai Alliance
Investment Limited
Hangzhou
R&D center, China
- Established 2001
- MoU between Nokia Networks and
the Zhejiang Provincial Government of China signed on November 22, 2001
- Software development, platform
technology development related to Nokia's 3G networks
- Start of operatioins at the
beginning of 2002
- To start cooperation with a
local partner in 2003
- Nice-business Solutions
- Established 2000
- Joint venture between ICL and
Nokia focusing on developing solutions and services for Nokia's e-business
and customer relationship management (CRM) needs
Nokia Neu Comm
Tech Company Limited,
- Established 2000
- Software products research and
development
- Partner NEU-ALPINE Software
Holding Co. Limited
Nokia Citic Digital Technology Co. (
- Established 1999
- Development, manufacturing and
marketing of digital multimedia terminals
- Partners CITIC Technology Co.
Limited and the Academy of Broadcasting Science
Symbian Limited,
- Established 1998
- Symbian supplies an advanced,
open, standard operating system for mobile phones. Symbian OS is used in
the Nokia 9200 Communicators, the Nokia 7650 and Nokia 3650 as well as in
the recently announced announced Nokia N-Gage. Symbian OS is used in the
S60 platform.
- The shareholders are Nokia,
Psion, Motorola, Samsung, Siemens, Sony Ericsson, Ericsson and Panasonic.
ChongQing Nokia Telecommunications Co. Limited,
- Established 1998
- Provision of a full range of
services, manufacture and supply of products for fixed networks
- Partners
Fujian Nokia Mobile Telecommunications Limited,
- Established 1997
- Main activities in the field of
GSM 900/1800 technical services, primarily network planning and
optimization
- Partner
Nemo Technologies Limited,
- Established 1996
- Development and production of
cellular radio network measurement and optimization tools
- Partner
Dongguan Nokia Mobile Phones Co., Limited,
- Established 1995
- Production of mobile phones and
accessories
- Partner Dongguan Nan Xin
Industrial Development Co., Limited
Beijing Capitel Nokia Mobile Telecommunications Co., Limited,
- Established 1995
- Production of GSM digital
cellular systems and mobile phones
- Partner Beijing Capitel Co.,
Limited
Beijing Nokia Hangxing Telecommunications Systems Co., Limited,
- Established 1995
- Production of mobile digital
switches, base station controllers and fixed digital switches
- Partner Beijing Hangxing
Machinery Manufacturing Corporation
Sapura-Nokia Telecommunications Sdn
- Established 1992
- Implementation of a DX 200
digital switching system project
- Partner Sapura Holdings
Nokia devotes substantial time and resources to creating standards and
specifications for the communications industry. They promote open standards
that match their customers' needs. Below you can find brief descriptions of
those cooperation forums as well as standard and specification making and
promoting bodies in which Nokia sees specific interest and opportunity, and
also where their participation is most active.
MEMBERSHIP
3GPP: The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a global body
dedicated to developing 3G specifications. 3GPP is an initiative of standards
organizations from Europe,
3GPP2: 3GPP2 is an initiative of standardization organizations from the
Association of Radio Industries and Business: ARIB was designated as "the
Center for Promotion of Efficient Use of Radio Spectrum" and "the
Designated Frequency Change Support Agency" by the Japanese Ministry of
Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) under the provisions of the Japanese
Radio Law. ARIB conducts studies and R&D, establishes standards, provides
consultation services for radio spectrum coordination, cooperates with other
overseas organizations and provides frequency change support services for the
smooth introduction of digital terrestrial television broadcasting. These
activities are conducted in cooperation with and/or with participation by
telecommunication operators, broadcasters, radio equipment manufacturers and
related organizations as well as under the support by MIC.
Bluetooth SIG is a trade association that is driving the development of a
short-range wireless specification for connecting digital devices. Nokia is one
of the nine promoter companies of Bluetooth SIG with 3Com, Ericsson, IBM,
Intel, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola and Toshiba. In addition Bluetooth SIG has a
about two thousand Associate and Adopter members worldwide.
The CE-ATA Working Group: CE-ATA was launched in September 2004 to develop a
storage interface tailored to the needs of small form factor disk drives in
portable consumer electronics applications. The benefits of CE-ATA are many.
From an industry perspective, small form factor disk drive suppliers can take
advantage of a storage interface tailored to the needs of such devices,
resulting in highly optimized disk drive designs. Host silicon providers and
product integrators will also benefit from the improved integration that the
tailored interface affords due to its low pin count, favorable voltages and efficient
protocol. For consumers, a disk drive interface tailored to the needs of the
handheld and portable consumer market segments could spur storage use in
innovative new products and lead to products with a more efficient storage
solution.
CELF: The CE Linux Forum is an industry group that is focused on the
advancement of Linux as an open source platform for consumer electronics
devices. CELF was established in July 2003 by Matsushita, Sony,
Communications and Information network Association of Japan: With the
cooperation of member companies, CIAJ is committed to the healthy development
of info-communication network industries through the promotion of
info-communication technologies, and contributes to the realization of more
enriched lives in
Digital Living Network
DVB: The Digital Video Broadcasting Project (DVB) is an industry-led
consortium of over 300 broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, software
developers, regulators, and other bodies in over 35 countries committed to
designing global standards for the delivery of digital television and data
services. Nokia focuses on the development of the DVB standard in areas related
to digital TV set top boxes and mobile datacast services.
ETSI: The European Telecommunications Standards Institute unites 900
members from five continents. ETSI members actively participate in 3GPP, and
the organization also provides secretarial support (Mobile Competence Center
MCC) for 3GPP. Since 2003 ETSI has also provided secretarial support and forum hosting
service for Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). Nokia's other focus areas in ETSI
include Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN), a body developing standards for
wireless local area networks (LANs) and point-to-multipoint radio links,
TErrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), and ETSI's Joint Technical Committee
BROADCAST with the European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
GSA: The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) has been established
to ensure that the GSM/3G supplier industry is better informed for decision-making,
and that it's views and requirements are adequately represented and accepted by
influencers and decision makers, particularly in areas affecting investment and
business growth opportunities, on a global scale. GSA is the representative
body for the GSM/3G supplier industry. It is an organisation created to meet
suppliers' needs and already represents over 80% of GSM/3G market share
globally. Membership is open to all suppliers of GSM/3G systems and services,
from across the entire supply chain.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a technical
professional association of more than 377,000 individual members in 150
countries. IEEE is active in technical publishing, conferences and
standardization, covering areas from computer engineering, biomedical
technology, and telecommunications to electric power, aerospace, and consumer
electronics. IEEE Standards Association, amongst others, develops the 802.x
local and metropolitan area wired and wireless standards. Nokia also sponsors an
annual Internet Award through the IEEE Foundation. The award is given for
exceptional contributions to the advancement of Internet technology for network
architecture, mobility, and end-user applications.
Internet Engineering Task Force: IETF is an open community of network
designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of
the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. Its main
task is the standardization of the core protocols of the Internet, including IPv4,
IPv6, IPSec, Mobile IP, IP routing, MPLS, DNS, TCP, TLS, SNMP and DIAMETER. The
IETF also standardizes some key Internet application protocols such as SIP,
RTP, HTTP and SMTP, which are the foundation for services like VoIP, WWW and
e-mail. As the Internet technology has become widely adopted, IETF protocols
also form the basis for the work of many other standardization organizations,
such as OMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2 and W3C. Nokia has a strong and active presence in the
IETF.
IPDC: The Internet Protocol (IP) Datacast Forum is an international
non-profit industry association founded in 2001 by Nokia, Crown Castle
International, Deutsche Telekom, Digita, NTL Broadcast, Philips, Retevision,
SkyStream Networks, Teracom, and The Fantastic Corporation. The Forum facilitates
the growth of IP-based multimedia services for deployment over broadband
networks, including DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) and DAB (Digital Audio
Broadcasting). Nokia promotes the development and the launch of IP-based
datacast services over DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcast, Terrestrial) networks.
ITU: International Telecommunication Union, part of United Nations
system of international organizations, is where governments and the private
sector coordinate telecom networks and services globally. ITU consists of
Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), Telecommunication Sector (ITU-T) and
Development Sector (ITU-D). Nokia is a member in all sectors and believes that
ITU-R has an essential role in global radio spectrum management.
JCP: Java Community Process is a framework under which the international
Java Community develops and maintains Java technology specifications, such as
the language, virtual machine, and different application programming
interfaces. JCP forms a de facto standardization process for Java related
specifications.
Khronos Group: Khronos is a member-funded industry consortium focused on the
creation of open standard, royalty-free APIs to enable the authoring and
playback of dynamic media on a wide variety of platforms and devices.
Liberty Alliance project was formed to deliver and support a federated network
identity solution for the Internet enabling single sign-on for consumers as
well as business users. Founding members of Liberty Alliance are Nokia,
American Express, America Online, France Telecom, GM, HP, Mastercard, NTT
DoCoMo, RSA Security, Sony, SUN Microsystems, and Vodafone. In a federated view
of the world, a person's online identity, their personal profile, personalized
online configurations, buying habits, and history, and shopping preferences are
administered by users, yet securely shared with the organizations they choose.
The role of the Liberty Alliance project is to support the development,
deployment, and evolution of an open, interoperable specification for a federated
network identity.
MeT:
Mobile IT forum: The mITF was established in
Multi Media Card Association: The MMCA is the open standard memory card
organization, promoting worldwide adoption of a postage-stamp size, removable
storage card designed especially for mobile phones and digital imaging. Founded
in 1998 with 14 companies, the MMCA has grown rapidly and now has 190+ members
worldwide (as of February 2005), representing all branches of mobile electronic
applications, including semiconductor suppliers, software vendors and
manufacturers of low power devices for storing and retrieving digital
information.
Mobile Manufacturers Forum: The MMF is an international association of radio
equipment manufacturers. The MMF was formed in 1998 to jointly fund key
research projects, as well as to cooperate on standards, regulatory issues and
communications activities concerning health and mobile phones. The goal of the
MMF in research is to promote the highest quality independent research that
provides relevant data to develop sound public policy.
Network Processing Forum: The NPF was organized to facilitate and accelerate
the development of next-generation networking and telecommunications products
based on network processing technologies. By establishing common
specifications, the NPF enables equipment manufacturers to significantly reduce
their design burden, while having the flexibility to use the best components to
fit their requirements.
Open Base Station Architecture Initiative: The OBSAI aims to create an open
market for cellular base stations. An open market will substantially reduce the
development effort and costs that have been traditionally associated with
creating new base station product ranges. Since OBSAI was first established in
September 2002, well over one hundred companies have joined (as of February
2005), spanning base station manufacturing, module manufacturing, and component
manufacturing. OBSAI members now have a complete suite of both interface and
hardware specifications that will enable the production of base station modules
to fit any base station utilising OBSAI interface specifications.
Open Communications Architecture Forum: OCAF conducts studies of NGN services
to determine requirements for Commercial Off The Shelf technology that
accelerates deployment of new carrier grade open platforms, advancing NGN
infrastructure and services. The studies cover the complete solution stack and
reflect views of the service provider, solution provider, and technology
provider. Requirements identified by OCAF studies are documented in three
predefined templates. When complete, one template describes functional
requirements, a second template describes non-functional requirements (such as
scalability, availability, security, and legal), and a third template describes
standards requirements (such as ITU, SAF, ETSI, 3GPP, Open Mobile
Open Mobile
Open Mobile Terminal Platform group: The OMTP group, formed in June 2004, aims
to define those platform requirements necessary for mobile devices to deliver
openly available standardized application interfaces that will provide
customers with a consistent and improved user experience across different
devices, while also enabling individual operators and manufacturers to
customize and differentiate their offerings. Nokia participates OMTP activities
as sponsor.
OSDL: Open Source Development Lab is dedicated to enable Linux and
Linux-based applications for data center and carrier-class deployment. It gives
open source developers around the world resources to bring Linux further into
telecommunications and the enterprise. Nokia is supporting OSDL with 20 other
industry leaders.
OSS/J: The
PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group: PICMG is a consortium of over 450
companies (as of February 2005) who collaboratively develop open specifications
for high performance telecommunications and industrial computing applications.
The members of the consortium have a long history of developing leading edge
products for these industries. PICMG specifications include CompactPCI® for
Eurocard, rackmount applications and PCI/ISA for passive backplane, standard
format cards. Most recently, PICMG completed the development of a new series of
specifications, called AdvancedTCA®, for next-generation
telecommunications equipment, with a new form factor and based on switched
fabric architectures.
RosettaNet is a non-profit consortium of major information technology,
electronic components, semiconductor manufacturing, and telecommunications
companies working to create, implement, and promote open e-business process
standards. These standards form a common e-business language, aligning
processes between supply chain partners on a global basis. Today RosettaNet has
over 500 member companies, and is a subsidiary of the Uniform Code Council,
Inc. Nokia has taken an active role to drive the adoption of RosettaNet as a de
facto standard in electronics and telecom industry supply chain integration.
Service Availability Forum: The SAF is a consortium of industry-leading
communications and computing companies working together to develop and publish
high availability and management software interface specifications. The SA
Forum then promotes and facilitates specification adoption by the industry. The
Service Availability™ Forum specifications enable the implementation of
carrier-grade systems and services built with Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)
building blocks, for the benefit of Telecom Service Providers/Operators,
Network Equipment Providers, and Independent Software Vendors.
The SD Card Association is an open industry standards organization established
in 2000 by Matsushita Electric, SanDisk and Toshiba, and is supported by a
consortium of over 700 companies (as of February 2005). The Association aims to
set the technical and specification standards for SD memory card applications
and related products and promote the wide acceptance of SD memory cards in a
variety of applications.
Standard
Symbian was founded in 1998 with the aim of supporting a mass-market for
Symbian OS based phones. Shareholders of Symbian are Nokia, Ericsson, SonyEricsson,
Panasonic, Psion and Siemens. Symbian OS is built on open standards where
possible and is equally available to all to license. Licensees have access to
the source code. Symbian OS is a key component for OMA (Open Mobile Alliance)
implementations and also the basis of user interfaces, such as the Series 60.
Trusted Computing Group: The TCG is an industry standardization body
developing and promoting open specifications for trusted computing hardware and
associated software interfaces. TCG's work spans different platforms, including
PCs, servers, PDAs and mobile phones. TCG specifications aim to create a more
secure computing environment, without fragmenting the security market.
TIA TR-45.3: The Telecommunications Industry Association subcommittee
45.3 deals with the evolution of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Third
Generation Wireless Standards (TIA/EIA-136). Nokia was a key advocate for
convergence with GSM. The result is Enhanced General Packet Radio Service
(EGPRS), a high-speed packet data service for both TIA/EIA-136 and GSM. Nokia
continues to devote resources to the enhancement of EGPRS in 3GPP to ensure
that the resulting standard meets the needs of both the TDMA and GSM
communities.
TM Forum: The TeleManagement Forum (TM Forum) is a non-profit global
organization that provides leadership, strategic guidance, and practical
solutions to improve the management and operation of information and
communications services. Its open membership of over 340 companies comprises
incumbent and new-entrant service providers, computing and network equipment
suppliers, software solution suppliers, and customers of communications
services. TM Forum has been contributing to the Information and Communications
Services (ICS) Industry for over 13 years. The TM Forum has liaison
partnerships with all key standards and industry groups.
Telecommunication Technology Committee: The TTC of Japan was established as a
private standardization organization in October 1985 to contribute to further
activation of the field of telecommunications, in which the free competitive
market principle was introduced based on the implementation of the
Telecommunication Business Law in 1985, and to respond to the Japan/US Market
Oriented Sector Service(MOSS) Conference, which was held in the same year. The
purpose of this committee is to contribute to Japanese standardization in the
field of telecommunications by establishing protocols and standards for
telecommunications networks and terminal equipment, etc as well as to disseminate
those standards.
Universal Plug and Play Forum: The UPnP Forum is an industry initiative whose
goal is to enable simple and robust connectivity among stand-alone devices and
PCs from many different vendors. The Forum consists more than 700 hundred
vendors, including industry leaders in consumer electronics, computing, home
automation, home security, appliances, printing, photography, computer
networking, and mobile products. UPnP technology is all about making home
networking simple and affordable for users.
USB Implementers Forum, Inc. is a non-profit corporation founded by the group
of companies that developed the Universal Serial Bus specification. The USB-IF
was formed to provide a support organization and forum for the advancement and
adoption of Universal Serial Bus technology. The Forum facilitates the
development of high-quality compatible USB peripherals (devices), and promotes
the benefits of USB and the quality of products that have passed compliance
testing. Board members of USB IF include Agere Systems, HP, Intel (the current
chair), Microsoft, NEC and Philips. Nokia is actively involved in promoting new
standards which promote the use of USB within the mobile device industry.
Video Electronics Standards Association: VESA is an organization that supports
and sets industry-wide interface standards for the PC, workstation, and
consumer electronics industries. VESA promotes and develops timely, relevant,
open standards for the display and display interface industry, ensuring
interoperability and encouraging innovation and market growth.
W3C: World Wide Web Consortium with its over 300 members, including
Nokia, is developing common protocols that promote the evolution of the World
Wide Web and its interoperability. HTML, XML and more than 40 other standards
have been developed by W3C during the recent years. W3C is based at MIT
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in the
WiMAX is a nonprofit corporation that has been formed to promote and certify
the compliance and interoperability of devices based upon the IEEE 802.16
standards as well as future standards as may by developed by WiMAX. WiMAX
promotes alignment of IEEE 802.16 standards with other standard bodies such as
ETSI (HiperMAN) and China (CWTS) to ensure WiMAX is a worldwide standard. Most
major telecommunications manufacturers are members (Ericsson, Siemens, Alcatel,
Lucent, Nortel, Motorola). Nokia joined as principal member in November 2004.
The Wireless USB Promoter Group was formed to create a new wireless extension
to USB that combines the speed and security of wired technology with the
ease-of-use of wireless technology. The Promoter Group will speed time to
market and ensure rapid consumer adoption by preserving and extending the
investment in the existing USB device and class driver infrastructure. Broad
industry participation in the Promoter Group demonstrates the multi-vendor
support of the technology and will ensure interoperability of Wireless USB
devices. The original USB principles of ease-of-use, compatibility, and low
cost continue to influence every design decision made by the group.
WS-I: Web Services Interoperability 0rganization is an open, industry
organization chartered to promote Web services interoperability across
platforms, operating systems, and programming languages. The organization of
over 150 members works across the industry and standards organizations to
respond to customer needs by providing guidance, best practices, and resources
for developing Web services solutions. Nokia believes that a rapidly increasing
demand for new and versatile mobile content calls for an open specification
that enables seamless connection between mobile networks and third party
service provider systems.
WWRF: Wireless World Research Forum is the global forum with over 70
members for discussing research issues related to beyond 3G. The objective of
WWRF is to formulate visions on strategic future research directions in the
wireless field, among industry and academia, and to generate, identify, and
promote research areas and technical trends for mobile and wireless system
technologies. WWRF does no research itself, but research is carried out in
separate projects. The forum is open to all interested parties.
3GPP: The Third
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a global body dedicated to developing 3G
specifications. 3GPP is an initiative of standards organizations from Europe,
3GPP2: 3GPP2 is an
initiative of standardization organizations from the
Association of Radio Industries and
Business: ARIB was designated as "the Center for
Promotion of Efficient Use of Radio Spectrum" and "the Designated
Frequency Change Support Agency" by the Japanese Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications (MIC) under the provisions of the Japanese Radio
Law. ARIB conducts studies and R&D, establishes standards, provides
consultation services for radio spectrum coordination, cooperates with other
overseas organizations and provides frequency change support services for the
smooth introduction of digital terrestrial television broadcasting. These
activities are conducted in cooperation with and/or with participation by
telecommunication operators, broadcasters, radio equipment manufacturers and related
organizations as well as under the support by MIC.
Bluetooth SIG is a trade
association that is driving the development of a short-range wireless specification
for connecting digital devices. Nokia is one of the nine promoter companies of
Bluetooth SIG with 3Com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola and
Toshiba. In addition Bluetooth SIG has a about two thousand Associate and
Adopter members worldwide.
The CE-ATA Working Group: CE-ATA was launched
in September 2004 to develop a storage interface tailored to the needs of small
form factor disk drives in portable consumer electronics applications. The
benefits of CE-ATA are many. From an industry perspective, small form factor
disk drive suppliers can take advantage of a storage interface tailored to the
needs of such devices, resulting in highly optimized disk drive designs. Host
silicon providers and product integrators will also benefit from the improved
integration that the tailored interface affords due to its low pin count,
favorable voltages and efficient protocol. For consumers, a disk drive
interface tailored to the needs of the handheld and portable consumer market
segments could spur storage use in innovative new products and lead to products
with a more efficient storage solution.
CELF: The CE Linux Forum
is an industry group that is focused on the advancement of Linux as an open
source platform for consumer electronics devices. CELF was established in July
2003 by Matsushita, Sony,
Communications and Information network
Association of
Digital Living Network
DVB: The Digital Video
Broadcasting Project (DVB) is an industry-led consortium of over 300
broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, software developers,
regulators, and other bodies in over 35 countries committed to designing global
standards for the delivery of digital television and data services. Nokia
focuses on the development of the DVB standard in areas related to digital TV
set top boxes and mobile datacast services.
ETSI: The European
Telecommunications Standards Institute unites 900 members from five continents.
ETSI members actively participate in 3GPP, and the organization also provides
secretarial support (Mobile Competence Center MCC) for 3GPP. Since 2003 ETSI
has also provided secretarial support and forum hosting service for Open Mobile
Alliance (OMA). Nokia's other focus areas in ETSI include Broadband Radio
Access Networks (BRAN), a body developing standards for wireless local area
networks (LANs) and point-to-multipoint radio links, TErrestrial Trunked Radio
(TETRA), and ETSI's Joint Technical Committee BROADCAST with the European
Broadcasting Union (EBU).
GSA: The Global mobile
Suppliers Association (GSA) has been established to ensure that the GSM/3G
supplier industry is better informed for decision-making, and that it's views
and requirements are adequately represented and accepted by influencers and
decision makers, particularly in areas affecting investment and business growth
opportunities, on a global scale. GSA is the representative body for the GSM/3G
supplier industry. It is an organisation created to meet suppliers' needs and
already represents over 80% of GSM/3G market share globally. Membership is open
to all suppliers of GSM/3G systems and services, from across the entire supply
chain.
IEEE: Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a technical professional association of
more than 377,000 individual members in 150 countries. IEEE is active in technical
publishing, conferences and standardization, covering areas from computer
engineering, biomedical technology, and telecommunications to electric power,
aerospace, and consumer electronics. IEEE Standards Association, amongst
others, develops the 802.x local and metropolitan area wired and wireless
standards. Nokia also sponsors an annual Internet Award through the IEEE
Foundation. The award is given for exceptional contributions to the advancement
of Internet technology for network architecture, mobility, and end-user
applications.
Internet Engineering Task Force: IETF is an open
community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with
the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the
Internet. Its main task is the standardization of the core protocols of the
Internet, including IPv4, IPv6, IPSec, Mobile IP, IP routing, MPLS, DNS, TCP,
TLS, SNMP and DIAMETER. The IETF also standardizes some key Internet
application protocols such as SIP, RTP, HTTP and SMTP, which are the foundation
for services like VoIP, WWW and e-mail. As the Internet technology has become
widely adopted, IETF protocols also form the basis for the work of many other
standardization organizations, such as OMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2 and W3C. Nokia has a
strong and active presence in the IETF.
IPDC: The Internet
Protocol (IP) Datacast Forum is an international non-profit industry
association founded in 2001 by Nokia, Crown Castle International, Deutsche
Telekom, Digita, NTL Broadcast, Philips, Retevision, SkyStream Networks,
Teracom, and The Fantastic Corporation. The Forum facilitates the growth of
IP-based multimedia services for deployment over broadband networks, including
DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) and DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting). Nokia
promotes the development and the launch of IP-based datacast services over
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcast, Terrestrial) networks.
ITU: International
Telecommunication Union, part of United Nations system of international
organizations, is where governments and the private sector coordinate telecom
networks and services globally. ITU consists of Radiocommunication Sector
(ITU-R), Telecommunication Sector (ITU-T) and Development Sector (ITU-D). Nokia
is a member in all sectors and believes that ITU-R has an essential role in
global radio spectrum management.
JCP: Java Community
Process is a framework under which the international Java Community develops
and maintains Java technology specifications, such as the language, virtual
machine, and different application programming interfaces. JCP forms a de facto
standardization process for Java related specifications.
Khronos Group: Khronos is a
member-funded industry consortium focused on the creation of open standard,
royalty-free APIs to enable the authoring and playback of dynamic media on a
wide variety of platforms and devices.
Liberty Alliance project was formed
to deliver and support a federated network identity solution for the Internet
enabling single sign-on for consumers as well as business users. Founding
members of Liberty Alliance are Nokia, American Express, America Online, France
Telecom, GM, HP, Mastercard, NTT DoCoMo, RSA Security, Sony, SUN Microsystems,
and Vodafone. In a federated view of the world, a person's online identity,
their personal profile, personalized online configurations, buying habits, and
history, and shopping preferences are administered by users, yet securely
shared with the organizations they choose. The role of the Liberty Alliance
project is to support the development, deployment, and evolution of an open,
interoperable specification for a federated network identity.
MeT:
Mobile IT forum: The mITF was
established in
MultiMediaCard Association: The MMCA is the
open standard memory card organization, promoting worldwide adoption of a postage-stamp
size, removable storage card designed especially for mobile phones and digital
imaging. Founded in 1998 with 14 companies, the MMCA has grown rapidly and now
has 190+ members worldwide (as of February 2005), representing all branches of
mobile electronic applications, including semiconductor suppliers, software
vendors and manufacturers of low power devices for storing and retrieving
digital information.
Mobile Manufacturers Forum: The MMF is an
international association of radio equipment manufacturers. The MMF was formed
in 1998 to jointly fund key research projects, as well as to cooperate on
standards, regulatory issues and communications activities concerning health
and mobile phones. The goal of the MMF in research is to promote the highest
quality independent research that provides relevant data to develop sound
public policy.
Network Processing Forum: The NPF was
organized to facilitate and accelerate the development of next-generation
networking and telecommunications products based on network processing
technologies. By establishing common specifications, the NPF enables equipment
manufacturers to significantly reduce their design burden, while having the
flexibility to use the best components to fit their requirements.
Open Base Station Architecture Initiative: The OBSAI aims to
create an open market for cellular base stations. An open market will
substantially reduce the development effort and costs that have been
traditionally associated with creating new base station product ranges. Since
OBSAI was first established in September 2002, well over one hundred companies
have joined (as of February 2005), spanning base station manufacturing, module
manufacturing, and component manufacturing. OBSAI members now have a complete
suite of both interface and hardware specifications that will enable the
production of base station modules to fit any base station utilising OBSAI
interface specifications.
Open Communications Architecture Forum: OCAF conducts
studies of NGN services to determine requirements for Commercial Off The Shelf
technology that accelerates deployment of new carrier grade open platforms,
advancing NGN infrastructure and services. The studies cover the complete
solution stack and reflect views of the service provider, solution provider,
and technology provider. Requirements identified by OCAF studies are documented
in three predefined templates. When complete, one template describes functional
requirements, a second template describes non-functional requirements (such as
scalability, availability, security, and legal), and a third template describes
standards requirements (such as ITU, SAF, ETSI, 3GPP, Open Mobile
Open Mobile
Open Mobile Terminal Platform group: The OMTP group,
formed in June 2004, aims to define those platform requirements necessary for
mobile devices to deliver openly available standardized application interfaces
that will provide customers with a consistent and improved user experience
across different devices, while also enabling individual operators and
manufacturers to customize and differentiate their offerings. Nokia
participates OMTP activities as sponsor.
OSDL: Open Source
Development Lab is dedicated to enable Linux and Linux-based applications for
data center and carrier-class deployment. It gives open source developers
around the world resources to bring Linux further into telecommunications and
the enterprise. Nokia is supporting OSDL with 20 other industry leaders.
OSS/J: The
PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers
Group:
PICMG is a consortium of over 450 companies (as of February 2005) who
collaboratively develop open specifications for high performance
telecommunications and industrial computing applications. The members of the
consortium have a long history of developing leading edge products for these
industries. PICMG specifications include CompactPCI® for Eurocard, rackmount
applications and PCI/ISA for passive backplane, standard format cards. Most
recently, PICMG completed the development of a new series of specifications,
called AdvancedTCA®, for next-generation
telecommunications equipment, with a new form factor and based on switched
fabric architectures.
RosettaNet is a non-profit
consortium of major information technology, electronic components,
semiconductor manufacturing, and telecommunications companies working to
create, implement, and promote open e-business process standards. These
standards form a common e-business language, aligning processes between supply
chain partners on a global basis. Today RosettaNet has over 500 member
companies, and is a subsidiary of the Uniform Code Council, Inc. Nokia has
taken an active role to drive the adoption of RosettaNet as a de facto standard
in electronics and telecom industry supply chain integration.
Service Availability Forum: The SAF is a
consortium of industry-leading communications and computing companies working
together to develop and publish high availability and management software interface
specifications. The SA Forum then promotes and facilitates specification
adoption by the industry. The Service Availability™ Forum specifications enable
the implementation of carrier-grade systems and services built with Commercial
off-the-shelf (COTS) building blocks, for the benefit of Telecom Service
Providers/Operators, Network Equipment Providers, and Independent Software
Vendors.
The SD Card Association is an open industry
standards organization established in 2000 by Matsushita Electric, SanDisk and
Toshiba, and is supported by a consortium of over 700 companies (as of February
2005). The Association aims to set the technical and specification standards
for SD memory card applications and related products and promote the wide
acceptance of SD memory cards in a variety of applications.
Standard
Symbian was founded in 1998
with the aim of supporting a mass-market for Symbian OS based phones.
Shareholders of Symbian are Nokia, Ericsson, SonyEricsson, Panasonic, Psion and
Siemens. Symbian OS is built on open standards where possible and is equally
available to all to license. Licensees have access to the source code. Symbian
OS is a key component for OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) implementations and also
the basis of user interfaces, such as the S60.
Trusted Computing Group: The TCG is an
industry standardization body developing and promoting open specifications for
trusted computing hardware and associated software interfaces. TCG's work spans
different platforms, including PCs, servers, PDAs and mobile phones. TCG
specifications aim to create a more secure computing environment, without
fragmenting the security market.
TIA TR-45.3: The
Telecommunications Industry Association subcommittee 45.3 deals with the
evolution of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Third Generation Wireless
Standards (TIA/EIA-136). Nokia was a key advocate for convergence with GSM. The
result is Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS), a high-speed packet
data service for both TIA/EIA-136 and GSM. Nokia continues to devote resources
to the enhancement of EGPRS in 3GPP to ensure that the resulting standard meets
the needs of both the TDMA and GSM communities.
TM Forum: The TeleManagement
Forum (TM Forum) is a non-profit global organization that provides leadership,
strategic guidance, and practical solutions to improve the management and
operation of information and communications services. Its open membership of
over 340 companies comprises incumbent and new-entrant service providers,
computing and network equipment suppliers, software solution suppliers, and
customers of communications services. TM Forum has been contributing to the
Information and Communications Services (ICS) Industry for over 13 years. The
TM Forum has liaison partnerships with all key standards and industry groups.
Telecommunication Technology Committee: The TTC of Japan
was established as a private standardization organization in October 1985 to
contribute to further activation of the field of telecommunications, in which
the free competitive market principle was introduced based on the
implementation of the Telecommunication Business Law in 1985, and to respond to
the Japan/US Market Oriented Sector Service(MOSS) Conference, which was held in
the same year. The purpose of this committee is to contribute to Japanese
standardization in the field of telecommunications by establishing protocols
and standards for telecommunications networks and terminal equipment, etc as
well as to disseminate those standards.
Universal Plug and Play Forum: The UPnP Forum is
an industry initiative whose goal is to enable simple and robust connectivity
among stand-alone devices and PCs from many different vendors. The Forum
consists more than 700 hundred vendors, including industry leaders in consumer
electronics, computing, home automation, home security, appliances, printing,
photography, computer networking, and mobile products. UPnP technology is all
about making home networking simple and affordable for users.
USB Implementers Forum, Inc. is a non-profit
corporation founded by the group of companies that developed the Universal
Serial Bus specification. The USB-IF was formed to provide a support
organization and forum for the advancement and adoption of Universal Serial Bus
technology. The Forum facilitates the development of high-quality compatible
USB peripherals (devices), and promotes the benefits of USB and the quality of
products that have passed compliance testing. Board members of USB IF include
Agere Systems, HP, Intel (the current chair), Microsoft, NEC and Philips. Nokia
is actively involved in promoting new standards which promote the use of USB
within the mobile device industry.
Video Electronics Standards Association: VESA is an
organization that supports and sets industry-wide interface standards for the
PC, workstation, and consumer electronics industries. VESA promotes and
develops timely, relevant, open standards for the display and display interface
industry, ensuring interoperability and encouraging innovation and market
growth.
W3C: World Wide Web
Consortium with its over 300 members, including Nokia, is developing common
protocols that promote the evolution of the World Wide Web and its
interoperability. HTML, XML and more than 40 other standards have been
developed by W3C during the recent years. W3C is based at MIT (Massachusetts
Institute of Technology) in the
WiMAX is a nonprofit
corporation that has been formed to promote and certify the compliance and
interoperability of devices based upon the IEEE 802.16 standards as well as
future standards as may by developed by WiMAX. WiMAX promotes alignment of IEEE
802.16 standards with other standard bodies such as ETSI (HiperMAN) and China
(CWTS) to ensure WiMAX is a worldwide standard. Most major telecommunications
manufacturers are members (Ericsson, Siemens, Alcatel, Lucent, Nortel,
Motorola). Nokia joined as principal member in November 2004.
The Wireless USB Promoter Group was formed to
create a new wireless extension to USB that combines the speed and security of
wired technology with the ease-of-use of wireless technology. The Promoter
Group will speed time to market and ensure rapid consumer adoption by
preserving and extending the investment in the existing USB device and class
driver infrastructure. Broad industry participation in the Promoter Group
demonstrates the multi-vendor support of the technology and will ensure
interoperability of Wireless USB devices. The original USB principles of
ease-of-use, compatibility, and low cost continue to influence every design
decision made by the group.
WS-I: Web Services
Interoperability 0rganization is an open, industry organization chartered to
promote Web services interoperability across platforms, operating systems, and
programming languages. The organization of over 150 members works across the
industry and standards organizations to respond to customer needs by providing
guidance, best practices, and resources for developing Web services solutions.
Nokia believes that a rapidly increasing demand for new and versatile mobile
content calls for an open specification that enables seamless connection
between mobile networks and third party service provider systems.
WWRF: Wireless World Research
Forum is the global forum with over 70 members for discussing research issues
related to beyond 3G. The objective of WWRF is to formulate visions on
strategic future research directions in the wireless field, among industry and
academia, and to generate, identify, and promote research areas and technical
trends for mobile and wireless system technologies. WWRF does no research
itself, but research is carried out in separate projects. The forum is open to
all interested parties
Nokia to supply Push to Talk to
Fujian MCC in China
January 12, 2006
Espoo, Finland - Fujian Mobile Communications of China has chosen Nokia's Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) platform to provide a new, instant communication service to enterprises in Fujian province, and plans to later expand the service to consumers.
The deal underlines Nokia's strength in the
dynamic Chinese mobile market, as well as its leadership in Push to Talk
technology. To date Nokia has over 45 PoC references globally.
In addition to the PoC platform, the contract
includes Systems Integration (SI) services to Fujian MCC's provisioning and
billing platforms. Nokia SI services integrate complex service platforms and
related IT systems to work as a one seamless entity in the customer
environment.
"They are pleased to continue their good
cooperation with Fujian MCC and support them in getting the most out of their
network resources," says James Lin, Vice President, Networks, Nokia
Nokia's PoC solution offers a direct one-to-one
and one-to-many voice communication service in cellular networks. The 'always
on' connection offers a direct and convenient voice connection with the press of
a button. Nokia's end-to-end PoC solution will be compliant with the OMA
standard. The Nokia PoC solution is compatible with the IP multimedia subsystem
(IMS) as standardized in 3GPP.
Nokia has been the main GSM network supplier of
Fujian MCC since 1995. Over the years, Fujian MCC has been piloting many new
mobile services including
About
Fujian Mobile Communications Corporation Limited
is one of the wholly owned subsidiaries of China Mobile (HK) Limited and was
listed in
About Nokia
Nokia is a world leader in mobile
communications, driving the growth and sustainability of the broader mobility
industry. Nokia connects people to each other and the information that matters
to them with easy-to-use and innovative products like mobile phones, devices
and solutions for imaging, games, media and businesses. Nokia provides
equipment, solutions and services for network operators and corporations.
Exercises with stock options of
Nokia Corporation
January 10, 2006
A total of 67,004 shares of Nokia Corporation ("Nokia") were subscribed for as of December 30, 2005 based on Nokia's 2003 employee stock option plan. This resulted in an increase of EUR 4,020.24 in Nokia's share capital and an increase of EUR 959,320.84 in shareholders equity. The new shares carry full shareholder rights as from the registration date, January 10, 2006. The shares are admitted to public trading on the Helsinki Exchanges as of the same date together with the old Nokia share class (NOK1V).
As a result of the increase, the share capital
of Nokia is currently EUR 266,033,192.40 and the total number of shares is
4,433,886,540 including the shares that are held by the company.
Nokia makes two of its most
popular phones even better with Bluetooth technology
January 05, 2006
Nokia 6102i/6103 phones add popular Bluetooth technology to highly successful mid-range compact fold design
Las Vegas, Nevada, USA - Building upon the
popularity of the Nokia 6101 and Nokia 6102 phones, Nokia (NYSE: NOK) today
announced the Nokia 6102i and Nokia 6103 phones, both of which add the
convenience of Bluetooth technology to the already strong feature sets found on
these compact mid-range fold-style phones. The Nokia 6102i phone carries on the
same striking design found on the Nokia 6102 phone, while the new Nokia 6103
phone features an updated modern look but retains the compact size and
exceptional ease-of-use that made the Nokia 6101 phone such a hit with
customers. The Nokia 6102i and Nokia 6103 phones will be available in a GSM
900/1800/1900 version primarily for markets in Europe, Africa and Asia while a
GSM 850/1800/1900 version will be available primarily for markets in the
The addition of Bluetooth technology to this
popular phone platform opens up a myriad of options for owners to increase the
productivity and convenience of their mobile experience. Nokia offers a wide
array of Bluetooth technology-enabled enhancements such as wireless car kits
and wireless headsets as part of its line of mobile enhancements. Today, Nokia
announced a new trio of wireless headsets including one of the smallest such
devices ever made available. Additionally, with an increasing number of
products being introduced to market incorporating Bluetooth technology - from
laptops to automobiles - owners of the Nokia 6102i and Nokia 6103 phones will
find an ever expanding number of ways to use their mobile devices.
"The Nokia 6101 and Nokia 6102 phones have
proven to be extremely successful. The combination of a modern, compact folding
design with a strong feature set and Nokia's easy-to-use interface has proven
to be an irresistible draw for customers shopping for a mid-range
handset," said Aage Snorgaard senior vice president of broad appeal
products for Nokia. "With Bluetooth technology currently being on the top
of many customers 'wish lists', the addition of Bluetooth technology to this
equation will make the Nokia 6102i and Nokia 6103 phones even more attractive
to wireless consumers."
Along with Bluetooth technology, the Nokia 6102i
and Nokia 6103 phones offer a strong feature set including a VGA camera with
dedicated camera key, Nokia Xpress audio messaging for sending audio clips with
just the touch of a few buttons and dual color screens with support for
animated wallpapers and screensavers. Synchronizable contact and calendar
information, voice dialing and recording and a built-in handsfree speakerphone
make the Nokia 6102i and Nokia 6103 phones a perfect productivity companion,
while an integrated FM radio and downloadable content support including
About Nokia
Nokia is a world leader in mobile
communications, driving the growth and sustainability of the broader mobility
industry. Nokia connects people to each other and the information that matters
to them with easy-to-use and innovative products like mobile phones, devices
and solutions for imaging, games, media and businesses. Nokia provides
equipment, solutions and services for network operators and corporations.
Tero Ojanpera has been designated
a Young Global Leader in 2006
January 09, 2006
Tero Ojanpera joins 175 leading executives, public figures and intellectuals under the age of 40 from 50 countries who have been selected to collectively shape the future.
Established in 2004 by Professor Klaus Schwab,
Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, the Forum of Young Global
Leaders is a unique, multi-stakeholder community of the world's most
extraordinary leaders who are 40 years old or younger and who are ready to
dedicate a part of their time and energy to jointly work towards a better
future. They engage together in the 2020 Initiative, a comprehensive endeavour,
to understand current and future trends, risks and opportunities both at global
and regional levels, formulate a positive vision for the world in 2020 and put
forward concrete strategies to translate their vision into action.
Each year a new class of around 200 YGLs is
selected for a five year membership, ultimately forming a community of 1,111 by
2009. The 2006 class was chosen from among 3,500 candidates by the Forum of
Young Global Leaders' Nomination Committee, featuring 28 international media
leaders, including Carl-Johan Bonnier of Bonnier AB in Sweden, Arthur
Sulzberger, the publisher of the New York Times, Tom Glocer, chief executive of
Reuters and Rui Chenggang, Director and Anchor of China Central Television in the
People's Republic of China. The Committee is chaired by Her Majesty Queen Rania
of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
The 2006 class of Young Global Leaders includes
over 60 business leaders, more than 30 government leaders, and dozens of scholars,
media and nongovernmental organization leaders. They come from 50 countries
ranging from
During their first meeting in Zermatt,
Switzerland and throughout 2005, Young Global Leaders formed task forces
addressing priority global challenges for 2020 in the areas of development and
poverty, global governance and security, environment, education, and health. In
addition, a delegation of Young Global Leaders visited the earthquake-affected
areas of
The Young Global Leaders will meet as a
community at their Annual Summit in Vancouver, Canada, 9-12 June 2006, when
they will engage together in the 2020 Initiative, a comprehensive endeavour, to
understand current and future trends, risks and opportunities at both the
global and regional levels, formulate a positive vision for the world in 2020
and put forward concrete strategies to translate their vision into action.
For more information and a detailed list of all
Young Global Leaders, please visit www.younggloballeaders.org as of 9 January
00.01 CET.
The Forum of Young Global Leaders is an
independent, Geneva, Switzerland-based foundation whose mission is to build a
unique, multi-stakeholder community of the world's most extraordinary leaders
under the age of 40 and give them a platform to collaborate and shape best
practices for the future of the world. Each year they identify and mobilize a
new group of 200 exceptional men and women in business, politics, academia, the
media and civil society from every region in the world. Together, they form a
powerful international force for the global common good.
Consumer Durables
No.1 Nokia
Sanjeev Sharma’s focus on the Indian
consumer has made Nokia
Global corporations, particularly world leaders,
are rarely open to localisation of their products and strategies. For most of
them, the term 'glocal' is more a smart management term than a pointer to act
local. For Nokia
In its first experiment with localisation in 1998, Nokia believes it created a
bond with the Indian consumer with tunes like Sare jahan se achcha in its 5110
model. In 2000, its first Hindi user interface in the 3210 model gave Nokia the
confidence to target its product development efforts at the Hindi-speaking
population. Next year, Nokia introduced the Hindi text messsaging facility in
the 3610.
But last year, Nokia
The models were creations of Nokia's Mobile Entry business unit - a team
created to focusexclusively on developing products for markets with high
population and low penetration.
The strategy seems to be working. Nokia's first 'Made for
No. 2 Titan
Industries Bhaskar Bhat, managing director
Beginning next year, non-Hindi speaking
customers will also have little to complain against Nokia
Next, of course, is manufacturing. "They have been evaluating
manufacturing (in
No. 3 Samsung
For the moment, the Mobile Manufacturers Association
- of which Nokia India is a member - has hired KPMG to prepare a study on the
environmental and regulatory factors necessary to manufacture handsets in
Nokia, of course, is evaluating its own options. Foremost, it prefers to set up
its manufacturing facilities around major international airports. There are
around 400 parts in a handset. The average capacity of a mobile handset plant
is 20 million units. That's eight billion components per annum - a logistical
nightmare in any part of the world. The more co-located vendors there are, the
better it is.
There is no vendor interest as yet, but even the
most pessimistic agree that manufacturing handsets in
Press Relaeses :
Multifunctional
Mobiles Make the World Go Round
June 06, 2006
Results of Nokia Nseries Study
Reveal Widespread Consumer Demand for Digital Convergence
Espoo, Finland - Almost one in two people around the world now
use their mobile device as their main camera, over two thirds predict a
music-enabled mobile will replace their MP3 player and nearly half want to
connect up their mobile device with their home electronics. According to
new research from Nokia, consumers are not only embracing convergence but
clamoring for more of it.
With more and more functionality being packed into mobile
devices, Nokia Nseries, Nokia's high performance multimedia range, commissioned
research in 11 countries around the globe to discover people's views on today's
and tomorrow's multitalented mobiles.
The world's growing love affair with mobile devices
Multifunctional mobile devices have already replaced certain
gadgets in people's lives. Nearly half of respondents (44%) use their mobile
device as their primary camera, with
When it comes to surfing the web on the move, over a third
(36%) of respondents are browsing on their mobile devices at least once a
month. Inevitably,
With an ever increasing list of features, it's not
surprising that people can't imagine life without a mobile: 94% of those
questioned plan to have a mobile in the future. People in
Recording the impact of mobile music
Digital music has completely re-shaped the world's music
buying and listening habits: the study found 67% of people around the world now
download a percentage of their music and 87% claim their music in-take has
increased since owning a digital music device.
Music-enabled mobiles devices are set to be at the heart of
future digital music consumption: 67% predict the mobile phone will replace
their MP3 player.
A home run by mobiles
According to Nokia's research, the world is embracing the
concept of the mobile digital home where mobile devices act as household remote
controls, beaming digital content like music and photos to compatible domestic
devices. Almost half (42%) of respondents globally want their printer, PC,
stereo, TV and mobile device interconnected. It's
And looking to the future, more than one in two (58%) of
those questioned would like to be able to control all their household
appliances via their mobile device. This is especially true in
Commenting on the findings, Tapio Hedman, senior vice
president of marketing, Multimedia, at Nokia, said: "The results strongly
demonstrate that people are buying into the idea of convergence - they really
do want one device that does it all, from taking quality images, to storing
their music collections and operating a digitally connected home. Their goal is
to make it easy for people to have all of these experiences with them all the
time - in a multimedia computer. "
Results overviews are available on Music, Multimedia
Computers and Digital Home.
About Nokia
Nokia is a world leader in mobile communications, driving
the growth and sustainability of the broader mobility industry. Nokia connects
people to each other and the information that matters to them with easy-to-use
and innovative products like mobile phones, devices and solutions for imaging,
games, media and businesses. Nokia provides equipment, solutions and services
for network operators and corporations.
Now, Nokia handsets for gaming
Their Bureau,
New Delhi Feb. 8 Nokia is working on its `play new' strategy
and will in six month offer a set of handsets for gaming.
"They are talking to partners both for content and
technical assistance," said Mr Vineet Taneja, Director, Multimedia, Nokia
"The international experience in the area of gaming has
been that unless you have local content, it doesn't work. They are talking to
content providers both within the country and abroad," said Mr Taneja,
adding that the company still has to work out a business model for gaming.
Nokia's N-Gage QD, marketed as a gaming mobile, is already
available here. "It's a myth that
Nokia's
It is hopeful of other broadcasters adopting its mobile TV
solutions soon.
Convergence
Nokia is also promising convergence of devices and Internet services
by introducing cameras and music players on its phones with solutions to share
them easily on the Web. To coincide with the launch of its new handset, the
Nokia N93i, the company announced a mobile film award in association with
filmmaker Mr Subhash Ghai's institute, Whistling Woods International and
Mediamatics Entertainment Private Limited.
Winners will get an opportunity to do a six month course at
Whistling Woods, and two runner-ups will win sponsored trips to Universal
Studios, and all three will win a N93i which is priced above Rs 42,000.
CMT
REPORT [Corruption,
Money laundering & Terrorism]
The Public Notice information has been collected from
various sources including but not limited to: The Courts,
1] INFORMATION ON DESIGNATED PARTY
No
exist designating subject or any of its beneficial owners, controlling
shareholders or senior officers as terrorist or terrorist organization or whom
notice had been received that all financial transactions involving their assets
have been blocked or convicted, found guilty or against whom a judgement or
order had been entered in a proceedings for violating money-laundering,
anti-corruption or bribery or international economic or anti-terrorism sanction
laws or whose assets were seized, blocked, frozen or ordered forfeited for
violation of money laundering or international anti-terrorism laws.
2] Court Declaration :
No records exist to suggest that
subject is or was the subject of any formal or informal allegations, prosecutions
or other official proceeding for making any prohibited payments or other
improper payments to government officials for engaging in prohibited
transactions or with designated parties.
3] Asset Declaration :
No
records exist to suggest that the property or assets of the subject are derived
from criminal conduct or a prohibited transaction.
4] Record on Financial Crime :
Charges or
conviction registered against subject: None
5] Records on Violation of
Anti-Corruption Laws :
Charges or investigation
registered against subject: None
6] Records on Int’l Anti-Money
Laundering Laws/Standards :
Charges or
investigation registered against subject: None
7] Criminal Records
No available
information exist that suggest that subject or any of its principals have been
formally charged or convicted by a competent governmental authority for any
financial crime or under any formal investigation by a competent government
authority for any violation of anti-corruption laws or international anti-money
laundering laws or standard.
8] Affiliation with Government :
No record exists to
suggest that any director or indirect owners, controlling shareholders,
director, officer or employee of the company is a government official or a family
member or close business associate of a Government official.
9] Compensation Package :
Our market survey
revealed that the amount of compensation sought by the subject is fair and
reasonable and comparable to compensation paid to others for similar services.
10] Press Report
:
No press reports / filings exists on the subject.
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
MIRA INFORM as part of its Due Diligence do provide comments
on Corporate Governance to identify management and governance. These factors
often have been predictive and in some cases have created vulnerabilities to
credit deterioration.
Our Governance Assessment focuses principally on the
interactions between a company’s management, its Board of Directors, Shareholders
and other financial stakeholders.
CONTRAVENTION
Subject is not known to have contravened any existing local
laws, regulations or policies that prohibit, restrict or otherwise affect the
terms and conditions that could be included in the agreement with the subject.
FOREIGN
EXCHANGE RATES
|
Currency |
Unit
|
Indian Rupees |
|
US Dollar |
1 |
Rs. 41.34 |
|
|
1 |
Rs. 81.81 |
|
Euro |
1 |
Rs. 55.74 |
SCORE
& RATING EXPLANATIONS
|
SCORE FACTORS |
RANGE |
POINTS |
|
HISTORY |
1~10 |
8 |
|
PAID-UP
CAPITAL |
1~10 |
8 |
|
OPERATING
SCALE |
1~10 |
8 |
|
FINANCIAL
CONDITION |
|
|
|
--BUSINESS
SCALE |
1~10 |
8 |
|
--PROFITABILIRY |
1~10 |
8 |
|
--LIQUIDITY |
1~10 |
8 |
|
--LEVERAGE |
1~10 |
8 |
|
--RESERVES |
1~10 |
8 |
|
--CREDIT
LINES |
1~10 |
8 |
|
--MARGINS |
-5~5 |
- |
|
DEMERIT
POINTS |
|
|
|
--BANK
CHARGES |
YES/NO |
YES |
|
--LITIGATION |
YES/NO |
NO |
|
--OTHER
ADVERSE INFORMATION |
YES/NO |
NO |
|
MERIT
POINTS |
|
|
|
--SOLE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP |
YES/NO |
NO |
|
--EXPORT
ACTIVITIES |
YES/NO |
YES |
|
--AFFILIATION |
YES/NO |
YES |
|
--LISTED |
YES/NO |
NO |
|
--OTHER
MERIT FACTORS |
YES/NO |
YES |
|
TOTAL |
|
72 |
This
score serves as a reference to assess SC’s credit risk and to set the amount of
credit to be extended. It is calculated from a composite of weighted scores
obtained from each of the major sections of this report. The assessed factors
and their relative weights (as indicated through %) are as follows:
Financial condition (40%) Ownership background
(20%) Payment record (10%)
Credit history (10%) Market trend (10%) Operational size
(10%)
RATING
EXPLANATIONS
RATING
|
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
>86 |
Aaa |
Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the strongest
capability for timely payment of interest and principal sums |
Unlimited |
|
71-85 |
Aa |
Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for
credit transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of
interest and principal sums |
Large |
|
56-70 |
A |
Financial & operational base are regarded healthy.
General unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory
capability for payment of interest and principal sums |
Fairly Large |
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet
normal commitments. |
Satisfactory |
|
26-40 |
B |
Unfavourable & favourable factors carry similar weight
in credit consideration. Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems
comparatively below average/normal. |
Small |
|
11-25 |
Ca |
Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and
principal sums in default or expected to be in default upon maturity |
Limited with full security |
|
<10 |
C |
Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be
exercised |
Credit not recommended |