MIRA INFORM REPORT
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Report Date : |
28.07.2008 |
IDENTIFICATION
DETAILS
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Name : |
CHILDLINE INDIA FOUNDATION |
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Registered Office : |
2nd Floor, Nana Chowk, Municipal School, Fire Bridge Low Level,
Grant Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra |
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Country : |
India |
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Date of Incorporation : |
Started in 1996 but registered in 1999 |
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Legal Form : |
Non Government Organisation |
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Line of Business : |
Provide help to Street Children’s |
RATING &
COMMENTS
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MIRA’s Rating : |
Ba |
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RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
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41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal
commitments. |
Satisfactory |
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Status : |
Good |
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Payment Behaviour : |
Regular |
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Litigation : |
Clear |
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Comments : |
Subject is an NGO. Trade relations are fair. Payments are reported as
usually correct and as per commitments. Subject can be considered good for normal business dealings at usual
trade terms and conditions. |
INFORMATION PARTED
BY
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Name : |
Mr. Vikas |
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Designation : |
Accountant |
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Date : |
28.07.2008 |
LOCATIONS
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Registered Office : |
Nana Chowk Muncipal School, 2nd
Floor, Frere Bridge - Low Level, Nana Chowk, Near Grant Road Station, Mumbai
400007 |
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Tel. No.: |
91-22- 23881098/ 23841098 |
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Fax No.: |
91-22-23841098 |
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E-Mail : |
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Website : |
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Delhi Office : |
2nd Floor (Right),
948-B, Nehru Road, Arjun Nagar, Kotla Mobarakpur |
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Tel. No.: |
91-11-24616948 |
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Regional Research Centre East : |
East Regional Resource Centre,
7a Beltala Road, 2nd Floor, Kolkata - 700026 |
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Tel. No.: |
91-33 24192453 |
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Regional Resource center South : |
Plot
No:3/36, First Floor, Rear portion, Srinivasamurthy Avenue, Adyar, Chennai -
600 020 |
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Tel. No.: |
91-44 - 2440 1098 |
MANAGEMENT
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Name : |
Mr. Jeroo Billi Moria |
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Designation : |
Founder |
BUSINESS DETAILS
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Line of Business : |
Provide help to Street Children’s |
GENERAL
INFORMATION
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No. of Employees : |
50 |
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Bankers : |
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LOCAL AGENCY
FURTHER INFORMATION
History
In 1996, Mumbai launched CHILDLINE, the country's first
toll-free tele-helpline for street children in distress. It has responded to
over 11 million calls from children who live and work in Mumbai, and has grown
into a national child protection service that operates in 81 cities. In 11
years, CHILDLINE has worked with over 3 million children in need of care and
protection.
Their first step took almost 3 years in the making - 3 years of
understanding the needs of children on the streets of India, of figuring out
how to reach them effectively, of putting in place the structure that could
take the child in distress and mainstream his or her life.
What was coming across in those early days was the need for a toll
free , 24 hour service, that could work across cities, which children could
access from anywhere at anytime!
CHILDLINE was founded by Ms. Jeroo Billimoria, who was then a
professor at the Tata Institute of Social Science (TISS), Mumbai. Initiated in
June 1996 as an experimental project of the department of Family and Child
Welfare of TISS, CHILDLINE has come a long way today, to becoming a nationwide
emergency helpline for children in distress.
Networking &
Advocacy
They at CHILDLINE are constantly networking & advocating to safeguard the rights of children in India. In the case of CHILDLINE, the potential of advocating on Child Rights is certainly higher mainly because of its widespread partnership across the country and involvement of multidisciplinary stakeholders in the processes of interventions at grass-root level. However, a planned system and common strategy needs to be placed to build the advocacy strength of the Network.
Networking has been the core activity of advocacy strategies. Networking is a deliberate attempt to link individuals, institutions, organisations, and communities to generate collective response to the issues of concern. The processes of public advocacy are incomplete in lack of collective voice of people. The networks generate this voice through effective awareness, education programme on governance and the issues of concern. Networking is also important to evolve responses from different layers in the society. In Indian context, it has its own value.
Networks in India help in dealing with the conflicts generated among the different social groups/ sections due to high level of social stratification and cultural diversity. Networking brings meaning to the cross-sectional debates/ dialogues through building collective action and strengthening the voice of people.
The 3 core issues for advocacy at CHILDLINE are:
- JJ Act, 2000
Implementation
- Child
Trafficking and
- Child labour
The core objective of advocacy model is:
- To streamline
all the existing advocacy initiatives from states
- To take up national
level advocacy initiatives and strategies action
- To develop
alliances with other networks and campaigns
- To initiate,
lead and strengthen the issue based campaigns
- To develop
the media attention to key issues and create a political pressure groups
- To document
the processes and disseminate information to the network.
The Components of Advocacy include:
- Media
Advocacy
- Judicial
Advocacy
- Advocacy with
bureaucracy
- Legislative
Advocacy
Telecom
Telecom
the backbone of CHILDLINE
CHILDLINE service is dependent on delivery of service as a response to incoming telecalls on the helpline 1098. This makes telecom technology the prime driver for service delivery in terms of reach, speed of response and user friendliness.
In the 10 years since inception, telecom has only meant a simple telephone connection using a 4 digit number and based on connectivity between BSNL/MTNL based land lines and the termination of the incoming call on the designated call center lines closest to the point of originating call.
India's mobile subscriber base crossed the landline subscriber base. And the gap is growing very fast. As of March 05, Mobile connections at 52.22 million had exceeded fixed line subscribers at 46.19 million. As at end December 2005, total subscriptions figure for all types had crossed the 100 million mark. BSNL, the largest fixed line service provider, had a growth of 2.58 % over previous year, MTNL declined by 7.31%; mobile connections grew at 55% over previous year. All private service providers for fixed line also grew at rates ranging from 34.38% (Bharti) to 162% (Reliance). Clearly private telecom service providers will be here to stay and dominate the market. The connectivity from mobile phones to a BSNL landline involves BSNL/ MTNL infrastructure for terminating a call on a BSNL/ MTNL landline, for which currently BSNL/ MTNL charges 30ps per call for termination. This has to be paid by the service provider to BSNL/ MTNL unless it is waived by BSNL/ MTNL.
It is imperative that Private telecom service providers can overcome the connectivity problems; other wise private telecom service providers cannot offer the service of 1098 connectivity as a toll free service, terminating on a single landline. For CHILDLINE 1098 connectivity across all telecom service providers is now a necessity and it is only sustainable if all calls terminate on one phone at each call centre. It is not possible or viable to have separate termination phones for each and every telecom service provider.
If they expect that up to 40% of future calls may come in from mobile phones, and their target is 15 million calls per annum, then the interconnectivity cost for terminating mobile and private service provider calls to the BSNL/MTNL landline at the CHILDLINE Call Centre will involve a burden on CHILDLINE, which simply cannot be borne.
CHILD Protection
& Rights
CHILDLINE’s Vision: To protect the rights of children in need of care and protection
CHILDLINE’s Mission: CHILDLINE aims at responding to the emergency needs of
every child in need of care and protection throughout the country, ensuring
that there is an integrated effort between the government, non-government
organisations, academic institutions, bilateral agencies, corporates and the
community in protecting the rights of children.
India is home to almost 19% of the world’s children. More than one third of the country’s population, around 440 million, is below 18 years. Promoting Child Protection and Child Rights for their children is consequently a crucial issue.
Who is a Child?
According to International Law, a ‘child’ means every human being below the age of 18 years. Childhood is characterized as a period of special consideration in human rights terms, as a period of evolving abilities and vulnerabilities relative to those of adults.
Today this is a universally accepted definition of a child which comes from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), an international legal instrument agreed and ratified by 192 States in the world to promote Child Protection and Child Rights.
What is ‘Child ‘Protection?
Child protection is crucial to ensuring that children under 18 years of age have the rights, confidence and environment in which they can make choices, express their views and communicate effectively with other children and adults.
It is a broad term to describe philosophies, policies, standards, guidelines and procedures whose aim is to protect children from both intentional and unintentional harm and from vulnerability.
Child protection incorporates both prevention and care as well as recovery and rehabilitation aspects. Children can only become change agents to improve their lives and that of their families and communities if they are safeguarded from abuse, discrimination and harm of any kind, be it physical, sexual, emotional or neglect.
What are ‘Child’ Rights?
A right is as an agreement or a “social contract” established between the persons who hold a right (often referred to as the “rights-holder”) and the persons or institutions which then have obligations and responsibilities in relation to the realisation of that right (often referred to as the “duty-bearer”.)
Child Rights can be defined as the fundamental, vital freedoms and the inherent rights of all human beings below the age of 18. These rights apply to every child, irrespective of the child's, parent's / legal guardian's race, colour, sex, creed or other status.
All text and data available in the 'Child Rights and Child Protection' section is valid as of 31st Jan 2008.
All content in the 'Child Rights and Child Protection' section is inspired by information from African Union; Amnesty International ; AIDS India ; Avert; Asia Pacific Forum: Advancing Human Rights in the region; Bachpan Bachao Andolan; Campaign Against Child Trafficking; Children's disabilities information network; Coalition to stop the use of child soldiers; Council of Europe ; CRIN; Disability India Network; ECPAT; EURONET; European Network of Ombudspersons for Children; European Union; HAQ: Center for Child Rights; Human Dimension Program at the Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies ; Human Rights Solidarity; Human Rights and Constitutional Rights; Human Rights Watch; Indian Child ; Institute for Human Rights and development in Africa; International HIV/ AIDS Alliance ; International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims; Ministry of Labour; Ministry of Law and Justice; Ministry of Women and Children Development; National Aids Control Organization ; National Commission on Population; National Human Rights Commission; NGO working group on girls; Organization of American States ; Save Girl Child; The global campaign on Children and AIDS; Plan; Planning Commission of India; Projects on International Courts and Tribunals; SAARC; Save the Children; University of Minnesota, Human Rights Library; Wada Na Todo ; Women, Children and HIV ; Working Group for an ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism's, Unicef, and other related UN agencies
CHILDLINE India Foundation
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, has appointed CHILDLINE India Foundation (CIF) as the nodal agency for initiating and sustaining CHILDLINE's across the nation.
CHILDLINE 1098 service is a 24 hour free emergency phone outreach service for children in need of care and protection. CIF undertakes replication of CHILDLINE, networking and facilitation, training, research and documentation, and awareness and advocacy both at the national and international level.
This is a project supported by the Union Ministry of Women and Child Development and linking state Governments, NGOs, bilateral /multilateral agencies and corporate sector. CIF is responsible for the establishment of CHILDLINE centres across the country. CIF also functions as a national centre for awareness, advocacy and training on issues related to child protection.
Child Protection Issues:
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Abuse & Violence
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Trafficking
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Child Labour
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Conflict with Law
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Child Marriage
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Without Parental Care
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Street Children
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Birth Registration
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Armed Conflicts
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Disability
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Drug Abuse
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Girld Child
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HIV - AIDS
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Missing Children
The partnership model of CHILDLINE India
CHILDLINE is a platform bringing together the Ministry for Women & Child Development , Government of India, UNICEF, Department of Telecommunications, street and community youth, non-profit organisations, academic institutions, the corporate sector and concerned individuals.
CHILDLINE is the crucial link between children in need of care and protection and the available services. For children with different needs, who call in anytime, anywhere, and for anything, they act as a one-point contact which facilitates instant access to support, advice, active intervention or just a listening ear. They connect children in emergency on one end of the phone line to a well connected network of services.
Services that already exist. No new shelter, no new hospital, no new
infrastructure was to be built. What was needed and obtained was, the effective
use of resources provided by organisations working with children.
They at CHILDLINE believe that for a helpline to be successful and effective in reaching out to the millions of children deprived of their childhood, they need to work in a partnership framework. A framework that recognizes that:
- A helpline cannot operate in isolation
- All partners involved in the helpline share a reciprocal relationship
- Each partner has clear and definite roles in the partnership model. This leads to a feeling of joint ownership towards the model.
- All partners share the vision, mission and the success of the model.
"CHILDLINE"
The CHILDLINE team receives & responds to
the calls
Crisis Intervention
Direct assistance: medical, shelter, protection from abuse, repatriation, death, missing children, intensive counselling
On phone: Emotional support and guidance, information and referral to services for the caller, information about CHILDLINE, silent calls
Long-term
rehabilitation
After the emergency needs of the child have been addressed, CHILDLINE explores options with the child to study, learn a trade, go back home etc. Based on the decision of the child, CHILDLINE links the child to an appropriate organisation in the city.
CHILDLINE TODAY
The Government of India has presented CHILDLINE as its response to the Child Rights Convention. They pride themselves at being a one point window, connecting children in need to various NGO's working for child related issues. CHILDLINE works towards ensuring that all children in need of care and protection are aware of and have access to services, that are child friendly, available when they want it and encourage them to participate in decisions that affect them.
The country's first toll-free tele-helpline for street children has grown into a national child protection service that operates in over 81 cities and towns in India. In 11 years, CHILDLINE has received 13 million calls as off Jan. 2008 from children in need of care and protection from across the country
Child
Helpline International (CHI)
Child Helpline International is a global network of child help lines with 89 members in 77 countries.
Telephone outreach services can link children to immediate rescue and safety; can provide solutions at the end of a phone and where necessary back up the voice of young people with direct interventions and advocacy.
Help lines provide a single, easily accessible window for a child in distress to reach out to what the government and law guarantees them- safety, protection, health care, education and justice. The helpline provides a child-friendly interface, which the child can relate to. On the back end it links up to the allied systems, NGOs and the government. Thus facilitating child care/protection resources and organisations to reach the child at the time when the child needs it most.
Regional and international helpline consultations have
emphasised the importance of co-ordination amongst children's help lines.
Global networking and support is vital in order to address the main aim of all
telephone outreach services- the protection of all children wherever they live
and whatever their circumstances.
How it all began
Child help lines around the world have been coming together
both regionally and internationally since 1996, when they
met for the first time in Venice, Italy.
At the international consultation in 2001 in Pune,
India, the need for a helpline 'helpdesk' was discussed. This helpdesk was to
provide support for existing help lines, but also to provide support to
countries, especially economically developing countries, interested in
initiating help lines in order to reach out to children with few or non
existent child care services.
CHILDLINE India, led by Jeroo Billimoria agreed to take on,
the strategic planning and consensus building amongst the help lines. This led
to the 2003
consultation held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, attended by representatives
from 49 help lines, where Child Helpline International (CHI) was launched.
The CHI secretariat is based in Amsterdam and is headed by
Ms Jeroo Billimoria, who was made Executive Director in May 2004. CHI presently
has 89 helpline members from 77 countries.
National
Initiative for Child Protection (NICP) - Child protect Net
The need to have a national plan of action for child
protection arises from the fact that there are as yet no integrated policies on
child protection. The multiple schemes that are there for child protection are
not under any one-umbrella policy/ scheme. Besides, the existing schemes are
under a prescribed framework and offer no fluidity and scope for growth.
India has also ratified the UN Convention on the rights of
the child. Thus they are bound morally and legally to the various principles
laid down by the convention.
CHILDLINE India Foundation through the National Initiative for Child Protection
(NICP) works with various Allied systems to work towards ensuring the
protection needs of the child. It is these allied systems that have expressed
the need to have one central body that works for child protection instead of
working with several bodies.
Therefore, it becomes imperative that they have a clear
perspective on child's rights to be able to move forward. This document is a
response to this need of having a national perspective on child protection and
to formulate an operational plan of action.
Motivation
behind setting up CHILDLINE
Ms Billimoria always found time to interact with children
staying on railway stations or Mumbai's night shelters. Children started
calling her in crisis at her residence at any point of day and night.
The seeds of CHILDLINE were sown by the urgency of such
calls and the fact that all of these were late in the night; after all other
voluntary services were closed for the day. Each time, Jeroo had to rush out to
take these children to hospitals, police stations, shelters, anywhere to get
help.
"Each call was a validation of my work with them," says Jeroo. "It meant they trusted me to do
something" but do what, was the big question! She could not
answer every call for help, or do everything for the thousands of street
children who call Mumbai, home. A tele-helpline could!
It was the need expressed by the children on the streets
that drove Jeroo to take this initiative. The need to have instant support when
they are ill, injured or just needed to talk to someone. The need for care and
protection when un-reached by any other service. To have a one-point contact
that would quickly connect children to services that they need during or after
a crisis.
Once the emergency services were provided, the helpline
would counsel the child further and ask if she needed more support. It would
open up an array of long-term rehabilitation services for his/her to avail.
These were the reasons that prompted Jeroo to launch
CHILDLINE, India's first 24-hour emergency telephone service, to provide assistance
and care for homeless street children.
Partnership
Model
CHILDLINE is a platform bringing together the Ministry for
Women & Child Development , Government of India, UNICEF, Department of
Telecommunications, street and community youth, non-profit organisations,
academic institutions, the corporate sector and concerned individuals.
CHILDLINE is the crucial link between children in need of
care and protection and the available services. For children with different
needs, who call in anytime, anywhere, and for anything, they act as a one-point
contact which facilitates instant access to support, advice, active
intervention or just a listening ear. They connect children in emergency on one
end of the phone line to a well connected network of services.
Government
Support
The first step in getting support from the Government of
India was to get them to accept the concept of a social sector helpline when
public telephony was still in its infancy. It took three years to pursue the
department of Telecom under the Ministry of Communication & IT to agree for
the allotment of a 4 digit number for the project which had been initiated in
Bombay. The number that was allotted, 1234, was not acceptable to the street
children of Mumbai. The children came up with 'dus-nao-aath' - 1098.
At that time riding the economic reforms, the Government of
India was rapidly expanding access to telephones by setting up thousands of
public call offices across the country based on the mobile digital exchange developed
by C-DOT. When combined with low cost local & STD charges, this brought
about a telecom revolution. In the period between 1996 & 2004 PCO
instillations in Mumbai grew by a staggering 502%.
CHILDLINE1098 suddenly caught the fancy of street children
and they made it their own!
A sensitive Union Minister at the helm of the Ministry of Social Justice &
Empowerment (MSJE) recognised the value of the service in linking marginalised
children to institutions & support mechanisms and committed support to
starting CHILDLINE services across the country, with funding under the street
children's programme of the MSJE.
The CHILDLINE team informally developed the partnership
model of Nodal, Collab and Support Organisations, charted out processed
documentation, developed manuals, networked with NGO's across the country.
Without the basic funding support and recognition at the initial stages, by the
MSJE, the service would never have grown as rapidly. Supporting them was the
Ministry's highly sensitive officials who helped at every level.
The relationship with the government was strengthened by
inviting the Secretary of the MSJE and other officials to join the governing
board of CIF.
Then came recognition as an independent agency with the
right to directly make representation to the Child Welfare Committees of State
Governments, under the Juvenile Justice Act. Support for capacity building and
sensitisation initiatives, by the National Institute of Social Defence, the
recommendation to write an alternative report for the Child Rights Convention
signed by India and finally official and formal support from the Department of
telecom to grant exclusive rights to CHILDLINE India Foundation for seeking the
commencement of 1098 services from different telecom circles.
In February 2006 CHILDLINE project was recognised as a
single most important project in the area of child protection and transferred
for support, to the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD). Childline
was asked to make recommendations to the planning commission for programmatic
and budgetary allocations in the XI th Plan commencing 2007, for Child
Protection. The planning commission has now mandated that CHILDLINE service
should be spread across all the 596 districts of the country. Based on the recommendations
CHILDLINE is being brought under the newly formulated Integrated Child
Protection Service (ICPS). The Secretary MWCD is the current Chair Person of
the CIF board.
The MWCD has formally recognised CHILDLINE India Foundation
as the Nodal 'Mother NGO' for the CHILDLINE service across the country and
provides direct budgetary support.
This partnership between the Government of India and CHILDLINE India Foundation
is perhaps the most significant public-private partnership in the development
sector and showcases how the two most important stake holders in Child
Protection viz The Government of India & Civil Society can join hands to
deliver a micro level service across the country.
Intervention
Model
CHILDLINE is a unique network of organisations which is
intricate and complex, yet simple and structured. Operating across 81 cities & still growing it acts
as a Nationwide Child Protect - Net.
CHILDLINE borrows from Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological
Systems Theory that looks at the development of a child within the system of
relationships that forms his or her environment. The 1098 service analyses and
intervenes at every layer of the child's environment to spur relevant child
friendly systems.
Micro system:At
this level, the individual child receives the full 1098 service package - calls are received, emergency rescue and
relief provided, grassroots outreach and awareness conducted, open house and
children's meets organized. The child participates and directs the nature and
scope of the 1098 intervention
Meso system:At
this level, CHILDLINE partners
with the systems in the immediate outer environment of the child across the country These are systems
with which children struggle everyday. Mechanisms like the CHILDLINE Advisory
Boards (CAB), the State forums of advocacy, and networking/advocacy initiatives are with functionaries of the
Allied Systems (the Police, Health, Transport, Railways, Labour) in the
immediate environment of the child.
Macro system:CHILDLINE
integrates with national and international networks towards ensuring that
larger political, economical and social systems recognize the active
citizenship of children and accord priority to child rights on national and
international agenda. They have set up the National Initiative for Child Protection (NICP) which acts as a
child protect net for the children of India. Child Helpline International (CHI) is a global network of
helplines led by their very own Ms. Jeroo Billimoria, & has 89 members in
77 countries
CMT REPORT (Corruption,
Money Laundering & Terrorism]
The Public Notice information has been collected from various sources
including but not limited to: The Courts, India Prisons Service,
Interpol, etc.
1] INFORMATION ON
DESIGNATED PARTY
No records exist designating subject or any of its beneficial owners,
controlling shareholders or senior officers as terrorist or terrorist
organization or whom notice had been received that all financial transactions
involving their assets have been blocked or convicted, found guilty or against
whom a judgement or order had been entered in a proceedings for violating
money-laundering, anti-corruption or bribery or international economic or
anti-terrorism sanction laws or whose assets were seized, blocked, frozen or
ordered forfeited for violation of money laundering or international
anti-terrorism laws.
2] Court Declaration :
No records exist to suggest that subject is
or was the subject of any formal or informal allegations, prosecutions or other
official proceeding for making any prohibited payments or other improper
payments to government officials for engaging in prohibited transactions or
with designated parties.
3] Asset Declaration :
No records exist to suggest that the property or assets of the subject
are derived from criminal conduct or a prohibited transaction.
4] Record on Financial
Crime :
Charges or conviction
registered against subject: None
5] Records on Violation of
Anti-Corruption Laws :
Charges or
investigation registered against subject: None
6] Records on Int’l
Anti-Money Laundering Laws/Standards :
Charges or
investigation registered against subject: None
7] Criminal Records
No
available information exist that suggest that subject or any of its principals have
been formally charged or convicted by a competent governmental authority for
any financial crime or under any formal investigation by a competent government
authority for any violation of anti-corruption laws or international anti-money
laundering laws or standard.
8] Affiliation with
Government :
No record
exists to suggest that any director or indirect owners, controlling
shareholders, director, officer or employee of the company is a government
official or a family member or close business associate of a Government
official.
9] Compensation Package :
Our market
survey revealed that the amount of compensation sought by the subject is fair
and reasonable and comparable to compensation paid to others for similar
services.
10] Press Report :
No press reports / filings exists on
the subject.
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
MIRA INFORM as part of its Due Diligence do provide comments on
Corporate Governance to identify management and governance. These factors often
have been predictive and in some cases have created vulnerabilities to credit
deterioration.
Our Governance Assessment focuses principally on the interactions
between a company’s management, its Board of Directors, Shareholders and other
financial stakeholders.
CONTRAVENTION
Subject is not known to have contravened any existing local laws,
regulations or policies that prohibit, restrict or otherwise affect the terms
and conditions that could be included in the agreement with the subject.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
RATES
|
Currency |
Unit
|
Indian Rupees |
|
US Dollar |
1 |
Rs.42.54 |
|
UK Pound |
1 |
Rs.84.86 |
|
Euro |
1 |
Rs.66.95 |
RATING
EXPLANATIONS
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
>86 |
Aaa |
Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the strongest capability
for timely payment of interest and principal sums |
Unlimited |
|
71-85 |
Aa |
Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for credit
transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of interest
and principal sums |
Large |
|
56-70 |
A |
Financial & operational base are regarded healthy. General
unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory capability for
payment of interest and principal sums |
Fairly Large |
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal
commitments. |
Satisfactory |
|
26-40 |
B |
Unfavourable & favourable factors carry similar weight in credit
consideration. Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively
below average. |
Small |
|
11-25 |
Ca |
Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and principal sums
in default or expected to be in default upon maturity |
Limited with
full security |
|
<10 |
C |
Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be exercised |
Credit not
recommended |
|
NR |
In view of the lack of information, we have no basis upon which to
recommend credit dealings |
No Rating |
|