|
Report Date : |
29.11.2012 |
IDENTIFICATION DETAILS
|
Name : |
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Office : |
|
|
|
|
|
Country : |
|
|
|
|
|
Financials (as on) : |
30.09.2011 |
|
|
|
|
Year of Incorporation : |
1917 |
|
|
|
|
Legal Form : |
Public University |
|
|
|
|
Line of Business : |
Providing higher education
in bachelor degree,
master degree, doctorate,
as well as
higher diploma level.
|
|
|
|
|
No. of Employees : |
8,098 Employees |
RATING & COMMENTS
|
MIRA’s Rating : |
Ba |
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet
normal commitments. |
Satisfactory |
|
Status : |
Good |
|
Payment Behaviour : |
Regular |
|
Litigation : |
Clear |
NOTES
:
Any query related to this report can
be made on e-mail: infodept@mirainform.com while quoting report
number, name and date.
ECGC Country Risk Classification List – June 30th,
2012
|
Country Name |
Previous Rating (31.03.2012) |
Current Rating (30.06.2012) |
|
Thailand |
B1 |
B1 |
|
Risk Category |
ECGC
Classification |
|
Insignificant |
A1 |
|
Low |
A2 |
|
Moderate |
B1 |
|
High |
B2 |
|
Very High |
C1 |
|
Restricted |
C2 |
|
Off-credit |
D |
thailand - ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, generally pro-investment policies, and strong export industries, Thailand enjoyed solid growth from 2000 to 2007 - averaging more than 4% per year - as it recovered from the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98. Thai exports - mostly machinery and electronic components, agricultural commodities, and jewelry - continue to drive the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. The global financial crisis of 2008-09 severely cut Thailand's exports, with most sectors experiencing double-digit drops. In 2009, the economy contracted 2.3%. In 2010, Thailand's economy expanded 7.8%, its fastest pace since 1995, as exports rebounded from their depressed 2009 level. Steady economic growth at just below 4% during the first three quarters of 2011 was interrupted by historic flooding in October and November in the industrial areas north of Bangkok, crippling the manufacturing sector and leading to a revised growth rate of only 0.1% for the year. The industrial sector is poised to recover from the second quarter of 2012 onward, however, and the government anticipates the economy will probably grow between 5.5 and 6.5% for 2012, while private sector forecasts range between 3.8% and 5.7%.
|
Source : CIA |
CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY
BUSINESS
ADDRESS : 254
PHAYATHAI ROAD, PATHUMWAN,
BANGKOK 10330
TELEPHONE : [66] 2215-0871-3
FAX : [66] 2215-4804
E-MAIL
ADDRESS : int.off@chula.ac.th
REGISTRATION
ADDRESS : SAME
AS BUSINESS ADDRESS
ESTABLISHED
: 1917
REGISTRATION
NO. : -
CAPITAL REGISTERED : -
CAPITAL PAID-UP : -
FISCAL YEAR CLOSING DATE : SEPTEMBER 30
LEGAL
STATUS : PUBLIC UNIVERSITY
EXECUTIVE : PROF.
PIROM KAMOLRATANAKUL, M.D.,
THAI
PRESIDENT
NO.
OF STAFF : 8,098
LINES
OF BUSINESS : UNIVERISTY
OPERATING
TREND : STABLE
PRESENT
SITUATION : OPERATING NORMALLY
REPUTATION : GOOD
WITH NORMAL BUSINESS ENGAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
STANDARD : MANAGEMENT WITH
GOOD PERFORMANCE
Chulalongkorn University,
Thailand’s first institution
of higher learning,
officially came into
being in March
1917. The groundwork
and preparation for
it in terms
of planning and
development, however, took
place more than a
century ago. The
worldwide economic, social
and political changes
in the late
nineteenth century contributed
to Siam’s decision
to adapt herself
in order to
avoid being colonized
by the Western
powers [“Siam” became
“Thailand” in the year
1939]. Thus King
Chulalongkorn [Rama V] has
royal policy to
strengthen and improve
government so that
the country could successfully
resist the tide
of colonialism. One
of the major
parts of the
policy, which would
later prove to
be deep-rooted and
highly effective, was
to improve the
Siamese educational system
so as to produce
capable personnel to
work in both the
public and private sectors.
The
university was under
the supervision of
University Affairs Department,
Ministry of Education.
Phraya Anukijwithoon was
the first principal
[the title was
changed to Rector
in 1935]. There
was a University
Council, which was
responsible for policy
making, planning, and
advising on the
affairs of the
university.
When
it was first
founded, the university
had 380 students
taking classes in
four facilities: The
Faculty of Medicine, Faculty
of Public Administration, Faculty
of Engineering and Faculty
of Arts and
Science.
In
1929, the Faculty
of Public Administration became
the Faculty of
Law and Political
Science. In 1933,
after the establishment
of constitutional monarchy
in 1932, the government
transferred this faculty
to Thammasat University,
which was established in
1934. The result
was that Chulalongkorn
University had only
three facilities during
that time. The
development of Chulalongkorn
University continued. From
1934 to 1958, the
university emphasized improvement
of undergraduate education;
thus more faculties
were established. In
1961, the university
set up the
Graduate School to
be responsible for
graduate level education.
From 1962 on,
the university started
to focus on
graduate education and
began to set up
research centers and
institutes.
At
present, the university has
19 faculties, 3
colleges, 2 schools and 11 institutes
providing bachelor’s degree,
master’s degree and
doctorate, as well
as higher diploma.
It currently employs
8,098 staff.
The
university is located
at 254 Phayathai
Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok
10330, and this
is the subject’s
current operation address.
|
Name |
|
Position |
|
|
|
|
|
Administration Board |
|
|
|
Prof. Pirom Kamolratanakul, M.D. |
: |
President |
|
|
|
|
|
Administration |
|
|
|
Assoc. Prof. Chesada Sangsubhan,
M.D. |
: |
Vice President for Administration |
|
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sittichai Tudsri,
D.D.S.,M.D. |
: |
Vice President for
Strategy and Planning |
|
Assoc. Pro. Dunuja
Kunpanitchakit, Ph.D. |
: |
Vice President for
Finance |
|
Assoc. Prof. Pornpote
Piumsomboon, Ph.D. |
: |
Vice President for
Personnel Management |
|
Assoc. Prof. Boonchai
Stitmannaithum, D.Eng. |
: |
Vice President for
Physical Resources Management |
|
Assoc. Prof. M.R. Kalaya
Tingsabadh, Ph.D. |
: |
Vice President for
Academic Affairs |
|
Prof. Kua Wongboonsin, Ph.D. |
: |
Vice President Research
and Innovation |
|
Assoc. Prof. Tanit
Tongthong, Ph.D. |
: |
Vice President for
Student Affairs |
|
Assoc. Prof. Gr. Capt.
Permyot Kosolbhand, M.D. |
: |
Vice President for Property Management |
|
Prof. Dr. Narin
Hiransauthikul M.D. |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Kanisak
Oraveerakul, DVM, Ph.D. |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Dr. Supot Tiarawut |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Vimolvan Pimpan |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assist. Prof. Dr.
Worawan Ongkrutraksa |
: |
Assistant to the President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Anongnat
Thakoengwit, Ph.D. |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assist. Prof. Dr.
Pareena Srivanit |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Suttima
Jamnarnwej |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Veerasak
Likhitruangsilp, Ph.D. |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Dr. Suwanna Satapatpattana |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assist. Prof. Kriengkrai
Boonlert-U-Thai, Ph.D. |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Sanit
Chantavilasvong, D. Arch. |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Buncha Pulpoka,
Ph.D. |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Ms. Rosanaporn Viravan |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Ruengwit
Bunjongrat |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Assoc. Prof. Trirat
Jarutach |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
Mr. Preecha Pluemchit |
: |
Assistant to the
President |
|
|
|
|
|
Deans |
|
|
|
Assoc. Prof. Amorn
Petsom, Ph.D. |
: |
Dean of Graduate
School |
|
Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Prawit Janwantanakul |
: |
Dean of Faculty of
Allied Health Sciences |
|
Assist. Prof. Dr.
Suchit Poolthong |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Dentistry |
|
Assoc. Prof. Sophon
Napathorn, M.D. |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Medicine |
|
Assist. Prof. Capt.
Yupin Aungsuroch, Ph.D. |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Nursing |
|
Assoc. Prof. Pintip
Pongpech, Ph.D. |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences |
|
Assist. Prof. Dr.
Kakanang Maneesri |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Psychology |
|
Prof. Dr. Mongkol
Techakumphu |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Veterinary Science |
|
Prof. Surasak Taneepanichskul, M.D., Msc |
: |
Dean of the
College of Public
Health Science |
|
Assist. Prof. Dr.
Chaninchai Intiraporn |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Sport Science |
|
Assoc. Prof. Pasu
Decharin, Ph.D. |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Commerce and Accountancy |
|
Assist. Prof. Dr. Duangkamol Chartprasert |
: |
Dean of Faculty of
Communications Arts |
|
Assoc. Prof. Chayodom
Sabhasri, Ph.D. |
: |
Dean of Faculty of
Economics |
|
Prof. Dr. Sirichai
Kanjanawasee |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Education |
|
Prof. Sakda Thanitcul,
Ph.D.,LL.D |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Law |
|
Prof. Supachai Yavaprabhas, Ph.D. |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Political Science |
|
Assoc. Prof. Vipan
Prachubmoh |
: |
Dean of College
of Population Studies |
|
Assist. Prof. Pongsak
Vadhanasindhu, Ph.D. |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Architecture |
|
Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Suppakorn Disatapundhu |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Fine and Applied Art |
|
Asst. Prof. Dr.
Prapod Assavavirulhakarn |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Arts |
|
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Boonsom
Lerdhirunwong |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Engineering |
|
Prof. Dr. Supot
Hannongbua |
: |
Dean of Faculty
of Science |
|
Asst. Prof. Pomthong
Malalkul, Ph.D. |
: |
Dean of the
Petroleum and Petrochemical College |
|
|
|
|
|
Directors (Institutes, Centers,
Officers) |
|
|
|
Assoc. Prof. Sompong
Sirisoponsin, Ph.D. |
: |
Director of Transportation Institute |
|
Assist. Prof. Ekasit
Nisaratanaporn, Ph.D. |
: |
Director of Metallurgy
and Materials Science Research Institute |
|
Assoc. Prof. Padermsak
Jarayabhand, Ph.D. |
: |
Director of Aquatic
Resources Research Institute |
|
Prof. Bundhit Eua-arporn,
Ph.D. |
: |
Director of Energy
Research Institute |
|
Assist. Prof. Dr. Chakkaphan Sutthirat |
: |
Director of Environmental Research
Institute |
|
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sunait
Chutintaranond |
: |
Director of Asian
Studies Institute |
|
Prof. Toemsakdi Krishnamara |
: |
Director of Sasin
Graduate Institute of Business Administration of Chulalongkorn University |
|
Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Vithaya Kulsomboon |
: |
Director of Social
Research Institute |
|
Assoc. Prof. Amorn
Petsom, Ph.D. |
: |
Director of Science
and Technological Research Equipment Center |
|
Assoc. Prof. Vallapa
Prakobphol |
: |
Director of Office
of the Registrar |
|
Assist. Prof. Saowapa
Chayaburakul |
: |
Director of Language
Institute |
|
Assist. Prof. Pimrumpai
Premsmit, Ph.D. |
: |
Director of Center
of Academic Resources |
|
Assoc. Prof. Polkit
Sangvani, Ph.D. |
: |
Director of Biotechnology and
Genetic Engineering Institute |
|
Assist. Prof. Charnwit
Kositanont, Ph.D. |
: |
President of Faculty Senate |
|
Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Suchitra Chongstivatana |
: |
Director of Thai
Studies Institute |
|
Prof. Annop Kunavongkrit, Ph.D. |
: |
Director of The
Office of the Commission on
Agricultural Resource Education [OCARE] |
The university is
engaged in providing
higher education in
bachelor degree, master
degree, doctorate, as
well as higher
diploma level.
At present, the university has
19 faculties, 2
schools, 3 colleges,
and 11 institutes
as the followings:
Faculties:
-
Faculty
of Allied Health
Sciences
-
Faculty
of Architecture
-
Faculty
of Arts
-
Faculty
of Commerce and
Accountancy
-
Faculty
of Communication Arts
-
Faculty
of Dentistry
-
Faculty
of Economics
-
Faculty
of Education
-
Faculty
of Engineering
-
Faculty
of Fine and Applied
Arts
-
Faculty
of Law
-
Faculty
of Medicine
-
Faculty
of Nursing
-
Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences
-
Faculty
of Political Science
-
Faculty
of Psychology
-
Faculty
of Science
-
Faculty
of Sports Science
-
Faculty
of Veterinary Science
-
Office
of Commission on Agricultural
Resource Education [OCARE]
School:
-
Graduate
School
-
Sasin
Graduate Institute of
Business Administration
Colleges:
-
College
of Population Studies
-
College of
Public Health Sciences
-
The
Petroleum and Petrochemical
College
Institutes:
-
Aquatic Resources Research
Institute
-
Environmental
Research Institute
-
Cu
Language Institute
-
Energy
Research Institute
-
Environmental
Research Institute
-
Institute
of Asian Studies
-
Institute
of Thai Studies
-
Metallurgy
and Materials Science
Research Institute
-
Social
Research Institute
-
The
Institute of Biotechnology
and Genetic Engineering
-
Transportation
Institute
For the academic
year in 2012,
the University has
a total of
38,180 students as
the followings:
Bachelor degree : 25,154
Graduate Diploma : 59
Master degree : 9,958
Higher Graduate Diploma :
624
Doctoral Degree : 2,385
The procurement of learning
and teaching instruments
and equipment is
done by bidding.
The bidding
procedure is to
be set up
by the University.
The personnel
and specialist for
research projects are
imported worldwide i.e.
from Asia, Europe
and United States
of America.
The
university is engaged
in a number
of international cooperative
programs such as
student, faculty and
personnel exchange programs as
well as research
with many foreign
institutions and institutes via Chula
Global networks. The
university also organizes
and participates in
international academic seminars
and conferences. At
the same time,
the university receives assistance
and support of
foreign governments including
the U.S.A., Japan
and may other
countries.
The subject is
not found to
have any subsidiary
or affiliated company
here in Thailand.
Bankruptcy and Receivership
There are no
litigation on bankruptcy
and receivership cases
filed against the
subject found at
Legal Execution Department
for the past
five years.
Others
There are no
legal suits filed
against the subject
for the past two years.
Bangkok Bank Public
Co., Ltd.
Krung
Thai Bank Public
Co., Ltd.
TMB
Bank Public Co.,
Ltd.
Siam
Commercial Bank Public
Co., Ltd.
Kasikornbank
Public Co., Ltd.
The subject
employs approximately 8,098
staff as the
followings:
Government Officer
: 1,250
University Staff : 5,575
Full-time Staff : 1,206
Part-time Staff : 67
The
premise is owned
for administrative office
and university at the heading
address. Premise is
located in a
prime area.
Chulalongkorn
University is Thailand’s first institution of higher education founded nearly a
century ago. As a national intellectual
center, the university produces the finest quality graduates with a high level
of knowledge and skills in the arts and sciences that they can use to
contribute to society.
Chulalongkorn
has been committed to ongoing development in programs, human resources,
facilities and services. With the cooperation of alumni, it has been building
an intellectual community devoted to
serving Thai society and
the nation.
Chulalongkorn University
ranked No. 1 in
Thailand, Top 40
in Asia [Webometrics Ranking
of World Universities,
January 2006], ranked
No. 1 in research
finance in Thailand
[Pacific Basis Finance
Journal 12, (2005)].
The subject
is the most
comprehensive university in
Thailand in term
of education and
university management.
The
University receives financial
support from government
budget, student fee,
various researches and
projects collaborated with
private and public
sectors, special activities
organized by university,
donations and etc.
Due
to the University
is a public
university which totally belongs
to the Government,
and it is
supervised under the
Office of University
Affairs, Ministry of
Education, there is
no list of
shareholders available.
Ms.
Sa-angthip Vanaworakul
Director
of Financial Audit
14th
Mrs.
Dussadee Chantarach
Academic
Auditor 7
Office
of the Auditor
General
The
latest financial figures
published for September
30, 2011 &
2010 were:
ASSETS
|
Current Assets |
2011 |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash in Hand
& at Equivalent |
6,606,234,796.42 |
7,121,032,261.62 |
|
Short-term Investment |
9,990,608,870.18 |
6,011,075,292.36 |
|
Accounts Receivable |
831,100,016.51 |
903,712,312.33 |
|
Deferred Income |
366,054,887.93 |
309,880,094.20 |
|
Material Supplies |
30,593,762.09 |
31,483,324.92 |
|
Other Current Assets
|
147,342,861.27 |
100,298,280.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Current Assets
|
17,971,935,194.40 |
14,477,481,565.55 |
|
Long-term Investment |
11,431,220,364.24 |
11,863,647,712.25 |
|
Fixed Assets |
13,921,514,423.01 |
12,827,660,411.75 |
|
Leasehold Right |
32,445,311,304.34 |
32,186,547,878.74 |
|
Intangible Assets |
54,312,652.41 |
52,315,005.36 |
|
Deferred Expenses |
386,459,134.47 |
365,573,727.72 |
|
Deposit & Long-term
Insurance |
2,145,325.00 |
7,749,632.14 |
|
Total Assets |
76,212,898,397.87 |
71,780,975,933.51 |
|
Current
Liabilities |
2011 |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts Payable |
171,919,616.29 |
190,793,718.03 |
|
Accrued Expenses |
1,339,852,699.15 |
292,329,440.87 |
|
Advance Income |
3,181,828,025.65 |
2,810,069,007.21 |
|
Other Current Liabilities |
217,779,478.73 |
84,635,547.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Current Liabilities |
4,911,379,819.82 |
3,377,827,713.62 |
|
Deposit |
2,435,178,103.75 |
2,509,269,225.57 |
|
Provision for Pension |
15,388,195.43 |
456,653,154.27 |
|
Deferred Leasehold Right |
32,774,776,729.08 |
32,522,650,108.16 |
|
Other Non-current Liabilities |
177,962,337.10 |
94,361,588.01 |
|
Total Liabilities |
40,314,685,185.18 |
38,960,761,789.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital at Principal
Balance |
6,087,975,459.39 |
6,086,337,270.70 |
|
Current Capital |
2,880,754,800.81 |
2,808,199,414.71 |
|
Surplus of Donations |
15,654,743.86 |
35,017,365.08 |
|
Unrealized Profit |
88,141,703.11 |
141,563,285.34 |
|
Retained Earning |
26,825,686,505.52 |
23,749,096,808.05 |
|
Total Equity |
35,898,213,212.69 |
32,820,214,143.88 |
|
Total Liabilities &
Equity |
76,212,898,397.87 |
71,780,975,933.51 |
|
Revenue |
2011 |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
Government Income |
6,077,456,977.30 |
4,517,834,613.35 |
|
Education Income |
2,687,751,726.07 |
2,678,463,172.41 |
|
Operation Income of the
Property Management Office |
2,838,627,863.59 |
2,508,792,458.08 |
|
Interest & Investment
Income |
608,886,981.30 |
514,969,552.80 |
|
Academic Service Income |
613,707,804.64 |
510,854,957.57 |
|
Assets Management Income |
132,634,032.46 |
118,181,084.11 |
|
Unincorporated Enterprise Income |
109,088,520.00 |
67,302,120.00 |
|
Donation Income |
252,300,673.95 |
181,149,182.89 |
|
Subsidy from Other Sources |
617,542,817.67 |
211,801,705.19 |
|
Other Income |
451,963,525.42 |
398,344,070.79 |
|
Total Revenues |
14,389,960,922.40 |
11,707,692,917.19 |
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personnel Expenses
|
4,382,948,471.72 |
3,920,977,671.36 |
|
Pension & Remuneration Expenses |
943,951,414.27 |
882,646,998.54 |
|
Training Expenses |
122,531,545.30 |
100,202,530.15 |
|
Travelling Expenses |
88,562,334.98 |
39,339,394.31 |
|
Material Expenses |
1,396,281,910.59 |
1,149,311,590.81 |
|
Utility Expenses |
447,386,434.73 |
503,758,223.27 |
|
Subsidy Expenses |
1,931,641,147.07 |
1,291,328,860.57 |
|
Equipment below the
Threshold |
28,668,388.56 |
11,445,240.76 |
|
Depreciation & Amortization |
1,219,632,728.42 |
1,069,258,517.64 |
|
Faculty Expenses |
39,898,142.71 |
39,188,006.74 |
|
Other Expenses |
19,013,246.84 |
18,799,554.94 |
|
Total Expenses |
10,620,515,765.19 |
9,026,256,889.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net Profit / [Loss] |
3,769,445,157.21 |
2,681,436,328.10 |
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
|
Currency |
Unit
|
Indian
Rupees |
|
US Dollar |
1 |
Rs.55.70 |
|
UK Pound |
1 |
Rs.89.34 |
|
Euro |
1 |
Rs.72.35 |
INFORMATION DETAILS
|
Report
Prepared by : |
NLM |
RATING EXPLANATIONS
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
>86 |
Aaa |
Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the
strongest capability for timely payment of interest and principal sums |
Unlimited |
|
71-85 |
Aa |
Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for
credit transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of
interest and principal sums |
Large |
|
56-70 |
A |
Financial & operational base are regarded healthy.
General unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory capability
for payment of interest and principal sums |
Fairly
Large |
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet
normal commitments. |
Satisfactory |
|
26-40 |
B |
Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively
below average. |
Small |
|
11-25 |
Ca |
Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and
principal sums in default or expected to be in default upon maturity |
Limited
with full security |
|
<10 |
C |
Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be
exercised |
Credit
not recommended |
|
-- |
NB |
New
Business |
-- |
This score serves as a reference to assess SC’s
credit risk and to set the amount of credit to be extended. It is calculated from
a composite of weighted scores obtained from each of the major sections of this
report. The assessed factors and their relative weights (as indicated through
%) are as follows:
Financial
condition (40%) Ownership
background (20%) Payment
record (10%)
Credit
history (10%) Market
trend (10%) Operational
size (10%)
This report is issued at your request without any
risk and responsibility on the part of MIRA INFORM PRIVATE LIMITED (MIPL)
or its officials.