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Report Date : |
19.04.2013 |
IDENTIFICATION DETAILS
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Name : |
CHRISTIE DIGITAL SYSTEMS USA, INC. |
|
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Registered Office : |
10550 Camden Drive, Cypress, CA 90630 |
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Country : |
United States |
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Year of Incorporation : |
1929 |
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Legal Form : |
Corporation – Profit |
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Line of Business : |
Manufactures 3D and advanced visualization products, such as 3D stereoscopic projectors and 3D image processors; products for business and large screen applications, including projectors, LCD flat panels, moving digital luminaries, image processors, and routers, etc. |
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No. of Employees : |
150 |
RATING & COMMENTS
|
MIRA’s Rating : |
Ba |
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal
commitments. |
Satisfactory |
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Status : |
Satisfactory |
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Payment Behaviour : |
No Complaints |
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Litigation : |
Clear |
NOTES :
Any query related to this report can be made
on e-mail: infodept@mirainform.com
while quoting report number, name and date.
ECGC Country Risk Classification List – June 30th, 2012
|
Country Name |
Previous Rating (31.03.2011) |
Current Rating (30.06.2012) |
|
United States |
A1 |
A1 |
|
Risk Category |
ECGC
Classification |
|
Insignificant |
A1 |
|
Low |
A2 |
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Moderate |
B1 |
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High |
B2 |
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Very High |
C1 |
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Restricted |
C2 |
|
Off-credit |
D |
UNITED STATES - ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
The US has the largest and most technologically powerful
economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $49,800. In this market-oriented
economy, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and
the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly
in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than
their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital
plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same
time, they face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than
foreign firms face entering US markets. US firms are at or near the forefront
in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace,
and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War
II. The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a
"two-tier labor market" in which those at the bottom lack the education
and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more,
fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other
benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone
to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have
grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income. Imported oil
accounts for nearly 55% of US consumption. Crude oil prices doubled between
2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into
consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments.
Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures
more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market,
soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration
in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. The
sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight
credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the United States into a
recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, making
this the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help
stabilize financial markets, in October 2008 the US Congress established a $700
billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). The government used some of these
funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which
had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009 the US
Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an
additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds
on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help
the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached
nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012 the federal government reduced the growth of spending
and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required
major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and
contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through 2011,
the direct costs of the wars totaled nearly $900 billion, according to US
government figures. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage
of GDP, than those of most other countries. In March 2010, President OBAMA
signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a health
insurance reform that will extend coverage to an additional 32 million American
citizens by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population
and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on health care - public plus
private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010. In July 2010, the
president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act,
a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from
financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with
troubled banks that are "too big to fail," and improving accountability
and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain
financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government
regulation and oversight. In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board announced
plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury
securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep
short term rates near zero until unemployment drops to 6.5% from the December
rate of 7.8%, or until inflation rises above 2.5%. Long-term problems include
stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in
deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an
aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits
- including significant budget shortages for state governments.
Source
: CIA
Company name: CHRISTIE DIGITAL SYSTEMS USA, INC.
Address: 10550 Camden Drive, Cypress, CA
90630 - USA
Telephone: +1
714-236-8610
Fax: +1 714-503-3375
Website: www.christiedigital.com
Corporate ID#: C1703406
State: California
Judicial form: Corporation – Profit
Date incorporated: 02-24-1992
Date founded: 1929
Stock: -
Value: -
Name of manager: Jack
KLINE
Business:
Christie Digital Systems USA, Inc. manufactures 3D and advanced visualization
products, such as 3D stereoscopic projectors and 3D image processors; products
for business and large screen applications, including projectors, LCD flat
panels, moving digital luminaries, image processors, and routers; digital
cinema products, such as digital cinema projectors, alternative content image
processors, theater automation controls, and cinema lamps; display solutions
for commercial and public areas; VeinViewer, a direct projection vascular
imaging device; simulation projectors; and video wall display equipment
comprising video wall displays, rear screen video wall projectors, and video
wall controllers. It offers solutions in the areas of 3D, entertainment, media,
business and corporate AV, medical, government, cinema, simulation, houses of
worship, design and architecture, infrastructure, video walls, education and
training, and live events.
The company was founded in 1929 and is based in Cypress, California with
manufacturing facilities in Kitchener, Canada and Shenzhen, China. It has
additional locations in Kitchener, Canada; Memphis, Tennessee; Chile; and
Santiago.
Christie Digital Systems USA, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of Ushio
America Inc.
Suppliers include:
Christie Digital Systems (HK) Ltd
Hong Kong
EIN: 33-0508506
Staff: 150
Operations & branches:
At the headquarters, we
find a manufacture, warehouse and office, owned.
Christie Digital Systems has manufacturing facilities in Cypress,
California, and Kitchener, Ontario. Branch offices are in Chile, France, Germany,
Japan, Singapore, China and England.
Shareholders:
USHIO AMERICA INC.
5440 Cerritos Avenue, Cypress, CA 90630
Incorporated in California on March 6, 1967
ID# 0522963
USHIO America, Inc. designs, engineers, manufactures, and distributes
specialty and general illumination lighting solutions to customers worldwide.
It offers halogen, incandescent, xenon flash, xenon short arc, fluorescent,
halogen reflector, high pressure sodium, LED/solid state, metal halide and
mercury, xenon, and grow lamps for use in aquarium, audio-visual/photographic,
cinema, entertainment, general lighting, graphic arts, heater/infra-red (IR),
horticulture, landscape, miniature, scientific-medical, semiconductor, and UV
markets; electronic power supply for gas discharge lamps, and short arc mercury
and xenon lamps; ballasts; recycled lamps and ballasts; and solid state
fiber-optic and direct lighting systems for various applications, such as sign
backlighting, channel letters, cove lighting, and cabinet and display lighting.
The company’s products are used in various industries, such as general
illumination, audio-visual, photographic, stage, studio and television,
semiconductor, printed circuit, video projection, cinema, UV curing,
germicidal, horticulture, graphic arts, flashlight, scientific, medical,
dental, ophthalmic, and IR heating. It sells products through distributors. The
company was founded in 1967 and is based in Cypress, California with sales
offices in Dyer, Indiana; Fair Lawn, New Jersey; Warner, New Hampshire; Santa
Clara, California; Hudson, Ohio; Fort Myers, Florida; Parker, Colorado;
Oakville, Canada; Hsinchu Hsien and Taipei, Taiwan; Suzhou, Shenzhen, and
Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China; Singapore; Cavite, the Philippines;
Seoul, Korea; Kowloon, Hong Kong; Tokyo, Japan; Bucks, United Kingdom; Cergy
Pontoise Cedex, France; Steinhöring, Germany; and Oude Meer, the Netherlands.
It also has production centers primarily in Japan. USHIO America, Inc. operates
as a subsidiary of Ushio Inc.
The ultimate parent company is:
USHIO INC.
2-6-1, Otemachi
Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 100-8150 - Japan
Ushio Inc. engages in the manufacture and sale of light source
application products and machinery primarily in Japan and other Asian
countries, North America, and Europe.
The Company is listed in Japan.
Management:
Kenji Hamashima serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Christie
Digital Systems USA, Inc., Christie Digital Systems Canada, Inc and Event Audio
Visual Group, Inc.
Mr. Hamashima has been the Chief Executive Officer and President
of Christie Digital Systems, Inc. since 2000. He is responsible for the
overall operations of the Christie group of companies. Mr. Hamashima serves as
the Chief Executive Officer and President of USHIO America, Inc. He joined
Ushio, Inc., Japan, in 1982, working in the Information Systems Department.
In 1986, he transferred to the Japan Association of Corporate
Executives; a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization consisting of
professional leaders from Japan s business, trade and commerce sectors. In
1988, he was assigned to the Secretariat Department at Ushio, Inc. Following
Ushio's acquisition of Christie in 1992, he was promoted to the position of Chief
Financial Officer. Five years later in 1997, he served as Chief Financial
Officer and Executive Vice President of Ushio America, Inc. and led the sales
department of it. Following his success in this position, he was promoted to
Chief Executive Officer and President of Ushio America, Inc. since 1999. He
serves as the Chairman of Christie Digital Systems USA, Inc., Christie Digital
Systems Canada, Inc and Event Audio Visual Group, Inc.
He has been Chairman of Christie Digital Systems, Inc. since 2000.
Mr. Hamashima serves as a Director at Ushio Inc. Mr. Hamashima holds a
bachelor's degree in Industrial Engineering from Japans Musashi Institute of
Technology.
Jack KLINE has been President and Chief Operating Officer of Christie
Digital Systems USA, Inc since 1999.
Takeshi SUZUKI is the CFO.
Subsidiaries
And partnership: None
In United States, privately
held corporations are not required to publish any financials.
On a direct call, nobody
accepted to answer our questions.
We sent a fax but no answer
received.
Outside sources (bank) gave
estimate sales for year 2012 in the range of
USD 30,000,000=
The business is said to be
profitable.
Banks: Wells Fargo Bank
Legal filings & complaints:
As of today date, there is no legal filing pending with the Courts.
Secured debts summary (UCC):
None
Standard & Poor’s
|
United
States of America Long-Term Rating Lowered To 'AA+' Due To Political Risks,
Rising Debt Burden; Outlook Negative |
|
Publication
date: 05-Aug-2011 20:13:14 EST |
·
We have also removed both the short- and long-term ratings
from CreditWatch negative.
·
The downgrade reflects our opinion that the fiscal consolidation
plan that Congress and the Administration recently agreed to falls short of
what, in our view, would be necessary to stabilize the government's medium-term
debt dynamics.
·
More broadly, the downgrade reflects our view that the
effectiveness, stability, and predictability of American policymaking and
political institutions have weakened at a time of ongoing fiscal and economic
challenges to a degree more than we envisioned when we assigned a negative
outlook to the rating on April 18, 2011.
·
Since then, we have changed our view of the difficulties in
bridging the gulf between the political parties over fiscal policy, which makes
us pessimistic about the capacity of Congress and the Administration to be able
to leverage their agreement this week into a broader fiscal consolidation plan
that stabilizes the government's debt dynamics any time soon.
·
The outlook on the long-term rating is negative. We could
lower the long-term rating to 'AA' within the next two years if we see that
less reduction in spending than agreed to, higher interest rates, or new fiscal
pressures during the period result in a higher general government debt
trajectory than we currently assume in our base case.
TORONTO (Standard &
Poor's) Aug. 5, 2011--Standard & Poor's Ratings Services said today that it
lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States of America
to 'AA+' from 'AAA'. Standard & Poor's also said that the outlook on the
long-term rating is negative. At the same time, Standard & Poor's affirmed
its 'A-1+' short-term rating on the U.S. In addition, Standard & Poor's
removed both ratings from CreditWatch, where they were placed on July 14, 2011,
with negative implications.
The
transfer and convertibility (T&C) assessment of the U.S.--our assessment of
the likelihood of official interference in the ability of U.S.-based public-
and private-sector issuers to secure foreign exchange for
debt service--remains
'AAA'.
We lowered our long-term
rating on the U.S. because we believe that the prolonged controversy over
raising the statutory debt ceiling and the related fiscal policy debate
indicate that further near-term progress containing the growth in public
spending, especially on entitlements, or on reaching an agreement on raising
revenues is less likely than we previously assumed and will remain a
contentious and fitful process. We also believe that the fiscal consolidation
plan that Congress and the Administration agreed to this week falls short of
the amount that we believe is necessary to stabilize the general government
debt burden by the middle of the decade.
Our lowering of the
rating was prompted by our view on the rising public debt burden and our
perception of greater policymaking uncertainty, consistent with our criteria
(see "Sovereign Government Rating Methodology and
Assumptions ," June 30, 2011, especially Paragraphs 36-41).
Nevertheless, we view the U.S. federal government's other economic, external,
and monetary credit attributes, which form the basis for the sovereign rating,
as broadly unchanged.
We have taken the ratings
off CreditWatch because the Aug. 2 passage of the Budget Control Act Amendment of
2011 has removed any perceived immediate threat of payment default posed by
delays to raising the government's debt ceiling. In addition, we believe that
the act provides sufficient clarity to allow us to evaluate the likely course
of U.S. fiscal policy for the next few years.
The
political brinksmanship of recent months highlights what we see as America's
governance and policymaking becoming less stable, less effective, and less
predictable than what we previously believed. The statutory debt ceiling and
the threat of default have become political bargaining chips in the debate over
fiscal policy. Despite this year's wide-ranging debate, in our view, the
differences between political parties have proven to be extraordinarily
difficult to bridge, and, as we see it, the resulting agreement fell well short
of the comprehensive fiscal consolidation program that some proponents had
envisaged until quite recently. Republicans and Democrats have only been able
to agree to relatively modest savings on discretionary spending while
delegating to the Select Committee decisions on more comprehensive measures. It
appears that for now, new revenues have dropped down on the menu of policy
options. In addition, the plan envisions only minor policy changes on Medicare
and little change in other entitlements,
the containment of which
we and most other independent observers regard as key to long-term fiscal
sustainability.
Our opinion is that
elected officials remain wary of tackling the structural issues required to
effectively address the rising U.S. public debt burden in a manner consistent
with a 'AAA' rating and with 'AAA' rated sovereign peers (see Sovereign Government Rating Methodology and
Assumptions," June 30, 2011, especially Paragraphs 36-41). In
our view, the difficulty in framing a consensus on fiscal policy weakens the
government's ability to manage public finances and diverts attention from the
debate over how to achieve more balanced and dynamic economic growth in an era
of fiscal stringency and private-sector deleveraging (ibid). A new political
consensus might (or might not) emerge after the 2012 elections, but we believe
that by then, the government debt burden will likely be higher, the needed
medium-term fiscal adjustment potentially greater, and the inflection point on
the U.S. population's demographics and other age-related spending drivers
closer at hand (see "Global Aging 2011: In The U.S., Going Gray Will Likely
Cost Even More Green, Now," June 21, 2011).
Standard & Poor's
takes no position on the mix of spending and revenue measures that Congress and
the Administration might conclude is appropriate for putting the U.S.'s
finances on a sustainable footing.
The act calls for as much
as $2.4 trillion of reductions in expenditure growth over the 10 years through
2021. These cuts will be implemented in two steps: the $917 billion agreed to
initially, followed by an additional $1.5 trillion that the newly formed
Congressional Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction is supposed to
recommend by November 2011. The act contains no measures to raise taxes or
otherwise enhance revenues, though the committee could recommend them.
The act further provides
that if Congress does not enact the committee's recommendations, cuts of $1.2
trillion will be implemented over the same time period. The reductions would
mainly affect outlays for civilian discretionary spending, defense, and
Medicare. We understand that this fall-back mechanism is designed to encourage
Congress to embrace a more balanced mix of expenditure savings, as the
committee might recommend.
We note that in a letter
to Congress on Aug. 1, 2011, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated
total budgetary savings under the act to be at least $2.1 trillion over the
next 10 years relative to its baseline assumptions. In updating our own fiscal
projections, with certain modifications outlined below, we have relied on the
CBO's latest "Alternate Fiscal Scenario" of June 2011, updated to
include the CBO assumptions contained in its Aug. 1 letter to Congress. In
general, the CBO's "Alternate Fiscal Scenario" assumes a continuation
of recent Congressional action overriding existing law.
We view the act's
measures as a step toward fiscal consolidation. However, this is within the
framework of a legislative mechanism that leaves open the details of what is
finally agreed to until the end of 2011, and Congress and the Administration
could modify any agreement in the future. Even assuming that at least $2.1
trillion of the spending reductions the act envisages are implemented, we
maintain our view that the U.S. net general government debt burden (all levels
of government combined, excluding liquid financial assets) will likely continue
to grow. Under our revised base case fiscal scenario--which we consider to be
consistent with a 'AA+' long-term rating and a negative outlook--we now project
that net general government debt would rise from an estimated 74% of GDP by the
end of 2011 to 79% in 2015 and 85% by 2021. Even the projected 2015 ratio of
sovereign indebtedness is high in relation to those of peer credits and, as
noted, would continue to rise under the act's revised policy settings.
Compared with previous
projections, our revised base case scenario now assumes that the 2001 and 2003
tax cuts, due to expire by the end of 2012, remain in place. We have changed
our assumption on this because the majority of Republicans in Congress continue
to resist any measure that would raise revenues, a position we believe Congress
reinforced by passing the act. Key macroeconomic assumptions in the base case
scenario include trend real GDP growth of 3% and consumer price inflation near
2% annually over the decade.
Our revised upside
scenario--which, other things being equal, we view as consistent with the
outlook on the 'AA+' long-term rating being revised to stable--retains these
same macroeconomic assumptions. In addition, it incorporates $950 billion of
new revenues on the assumption that the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts for high earners
lapse from 2013 onwards, as the Administration is advocating. In this scenario,
we project that the net general government debt would rise from an estimated
74% of GDP by the end of 2011 to 77% in 2015 and to 78% by 2021.
Our revised downside
scenario--which, other things being equal, we view as being consistent with a
possible further downgrade to a 'AA' long-term rating--features less-favorable
macroeconomic assumptions, as outlined below and also assumes that the second
round of spending cuts (at least $1.2 trillion) that the act calls for does not
occur. This scenario also assumes somewhat higher nominal interest rates for
U.S. Treasuries. We still believe that the role of the U.S. dollar as the key
reserve currency confers a government funding advantage, one that could change
only slowly over time, and that Fed policy might lean toward continued loose
monetary policy at a time of fiscal tightening. Nonetheless, it is possible
that interest rates could rise if investors re-price relative risks. As a
result, our alternate scenario factors in a 50 basis point (bp)-75 bp rise in
10-year bond yields relative to the base and upside cases from 2013 onwards. In
this scenario, we project the net public debt burden would rise from 74% of GDP
in 2011 to 90% in 2015 and to 101% by 2021.
Our revised scenarios
also take into account the significant negative revisions to historical GDP
data that the Bureau of Economic Analysis announced on July 29. From our
perspective, the effect of these revisions underscores two related points when
evaluating the likely debt trajectory of the U.S. government. First, the
revisions show that the recent recession was deeper than previously assumed, so
the GDP this year is lower than previously thought in both nominal and real
terms. Consequently, the debt burden is slightly higher. Second, the revised
data highlight the sub-par path of the current economic recovery when compared
with rebounds following previous post-war recessions. We believe the sluggish
pace of the current economic recovery could be consistent with the experiences
of countries that have had financial crises in which the slow process of debt
deleveraging in the private sector leads to a persistent drag on demand. As a
result, our downside case scenario assumes relatively modest real trend GDP
growth of 2.5% and inflation of near 1.5% annually going forward.
When comparing the U.S.
to sovereigns with 'AAA' long-term ratings that we view as relevant
peers--Canada, France, Germany, and the U.K.--we also observe, based on our
base case scenarios for each, that the trajectory of the U.S.'s net public debt
is diverging from the others. Including the U.S., we estimate that these five
sovereigns will have net general government debt to GDP ratios this year
ranging from 34% (Canada) to 80% (the U.K.), with the U.S. debt burden at 74%.
By 2015, we project that their net public debt to GDP ratios will range between
30% (lowest, Canada) and 83% (highest, France), with the U.S. debt burden at
79%. However, in contrast with the U.S., we project that the net public debt
burdens of these other sovereigns will begin to decline, either before or by 2015.
Standard & Poor's
transfer T&C assessment of the U.S. remains 'AAA'. Our T&C assessment
reflects our view of the likelihood of the sovereign restricting other public
and private issuers' access to foreign exchange needed to meet debt service. Although
in our view the credit standing of the U.S. government has deteriorated
modestly, we see little indication that official interference of this kind is
entering onto the policy agenda of either Congress or the Administration.
Consequently, we continue to view this risk as being highly remote.
The outlook on the
long-term rating is negative. As our downside alternate fiscal scenario
illustrates, a higher public debt trajectory than we currently assume could
lead us to lower the long-term rating again. On the other hand, as our upside
scenario highlights, if the recommendations of the Congressional Joint Select
Committee on Deficit Reduction--independently or coupled with other
initiatives, such as the lapsing of the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts for high earners--lead
to fiscal consolidation measures beyond the minimum mandated, and we believe
they are likely to slow the deterioration of the government's debt dynamics,
the long-term rating could stabilize at 'AA+'.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
|
Currency |
Unit
|
Indian Rupees |
|
US Dollar |
1 |
Rs.54.03 |
|
|
1 |
Rs.82.43 |
|
Euro |
1 |
Rs.70.49 |
INFORMATION DETAILS
|
Report
Prepared by : |
PRL |
RATING EXPLANATIONS
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
>86 |
Aaa |
Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the strongest
capability for timely payment of interest and principal sums |
Unlimited |
|
71-85 |
Aa |
Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for credit
transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of interest
and principal sums |
Large |
|
56-70 |
A |
Financial & operational base are regarded healthy. General
unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory capability for
payment of interest and principal sums |
Fairly Large |
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal
commitments. |
Satisfactory |
|
26-40 |
B |
Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively below
average. |
Small |
|
11-25 |
Ca |
Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and principal sums
in default or expected to be in default upon maturity |
Limited with
full security |
|
<10 |
C |
Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be exercised |
Credit not
recommended |
|
-- |
NB |
New Business |
-- |
This score serves as a reference to assess
SC’s credit risk and to set the amount of credit to be extended. It is
calculated from a composite of weighted scores obtained from each of the major
sections of this report. The assessed factors and their relative weights (as
indicated through %) are as follows:
Financial
condition (40%) Ownership
background (20%) Payment
record (10%)
Credit history
(10%) Market trend (10%) Operational size
(10%)
This report is issued at your request without any
risk and responsibility on the part of MIRA INFORM PRIVATE LIMITED (MIPL)
or its officials.