MIRA INFORM REPORT

Report Date :

13.12.2013

IDENTIFICATION DETAILS

Name :	SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

Registered Office :	Airport Road, Vimanpura P.O., Bangalore – 560 017, Karnataka

Country :	India

Date of Incorporation :	Not Divulged

TAN No.: [Tax Deduction & Collection Account No.]	BLRI01432E

Legal Form :	Part of Department of Space, Government of India

Line of Business :	Research Centre.

No. of Employees :	2000 (Approximately)

RATING & COMMENTS

MIRA’s Rating :

RATING

STATUS

PROPOSED CREDIT LINE

41-55

Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal commitments.

Satisfactory

Status :	Good

Payment Behaviour :	Regular

Litigation :	Clear

Comments :	Space Application Centre, a unit of Indian Space Research Organisation is under the control and management of Department of Space, Government of India. It is an independent centre. Due to the nature of its operations, no detail financials and other information can be available from any sources. However, as it is a wholly owned department of Government of India, it can be considered for any business dealings at usual trade terms and conditions.

NOTES:

Any query related to this report can be made on e-mail: infodept@mirainform.com while quoting report number, name and date.

ECGC Country Risk Classification List – March 31^st, 2013

Country Name

Previous Rating

(31.12.2012)

Current Rating

(31.03.2013)

India

Risk Category	ECGC Classification
Insignificant	A1
Low	A2
Moderate	B1
High	B2
Very High	C1
Restricted	C2
Off-credit	D

INDIAN ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

The current downturn provides an opportunity to push ahead with reforms to accelerate growth, says the latest India Development Update report released by the World Bank. The report says that the adverse effects of rupee depreciation are likely to be offset by the gains in the exports performance due to improved external competitiveness. Since May this year, the local currency has depreciated substantially and fell to a record level of Rs.68.85 to a dollar on August, 28.

A stagflation like situation appears to have arisen as inflation jumped to an eight month high of 6.46 % for the month of September. It is up from 6.10 % in August. Growth continues to be muted with factory output plunging to 0.6 % in August. Onion prices have risen nearly 300 % from last September. Vegetables cost nearly 90 % more than they did last year. Wake up to the economic contribution of slum dwellers. They contribute more than 7.5 % to the country’s gross domestic product, according to a recent study conducted in 50 top cities.

136000 estimated number of jobs created during the second quarter of the current financial year. 50000 estimated number of additional jobs in the field of corporate social responsibility in the coming years.

The International Finance Corporation expects to come out with its rupee linked bonds issue before the end of 2013 as a part of its plan to raise $ 1 billion. The Apple iPhone 5c (Rs 41900 for 16 GB variant) and 5s (Rs 53500 for 16GB variant) has been launched in India from 1^st November.

The Land Acquisition Act to provide just and fair compensation to farmers will come into force from January 1 next year, said Rural Development Minister Jairam Ramesh. The Act replaces a 119 year old registration. The Securities and Exchange Board of India has approved the trading of currency futures on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The exchange plans to launch the currency futures platform with advanced trading technology by the end of November.

RBI DEFAULTERS’ LIST STATUS

Subject’s name is not enlisted as a defaulter in the publicly available RBI Defaulters’ list.

EPF (Employee Provident Fund) DEFAULTERS’ LIST STATUS

Subject’s name is not enlisted as a defaulter in the publicly available EPF (Employee Provident Fund) Defaulters’ list as of 31-03-2012.

INFORMATION DECLINED

Management Non Co-operative.

LOCATIONS

Registered Office /Personal Administration :	Airport Road, Vimanpura P.O., Bangalore – 560 017, Karnataka, India
Tel. No.:	91-80-25084101
Fax No.:	91-80-25084102
E-Mail :	pga@isac.gov.in Overall web site related: webmaster@sac.isro.gov.in , Tender, Vendor registration related: hps@sac.isro.gov.in Vendor Development, Technology Transfer and consultancy, Patents related: ttid@sac.isro.gov.in Sponsored Research, Collaborative programme, academic interface related: acad@sac.isro.gov.in Exhibitions related: vsse@sac.isro.gov.in Training, HR Development related: hrd@sac.isro.gov.in Right to Information: rti@sac.isro.gov.in Hindi Vibhag related: hindi_vibhag@sac.isro.gov.in hr@isac.gov.in
Website :	http://www.isac.gov.in http://www.sac.gov.in

Human Resources :	Tel. No.: 91-80-25082570 Fax No.: 91-80-25082571 E-Mail : hr@isac.gov.in

Web Administrator	webadmin@isac.gov.in

General Administration Office :	Jodhpur Tekra, Ambawadi Vistar P.O. Ahmedabad – 380 015, Gujarat, India
Tel. No.:	91-79-26913402
Fax No.:	91-79-26915841
E-Mail :	Public Relations Officer - pro@sac.isro.gov.in

MANAGEMENT

SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE ORGANISATION
Name :	Mr. A S Kiran Kumar
Designation :	Director

Name :	Ms. Mallika Mahajan
Designation :	Controller

Name :	Mr. Santanu Chowdhury
Designation :	Deputy Director, SIPA

Name :	Mr. Tapan Misra
Designation :	Deputy Director, MRSA

Name :	Mr. R. M. Parmar
Designation :	Deputy Director, SRA

Name :	Dr. P. K. Srivastava
Designation :	Group Director, PPG

Name :	Mr. Saji A Kuriakose
Designation :	Deputy Director, SEDA

Name :	Mr. D. K. Das
Designation :	Deputy Director, SNPA

Name :	Mr. K S Parikh
Designation :	Deputy Director, SNAA

Name :	Mr. R. K. Arora
Designation :	Deputy Director, ESSA

Name :	Mrs. G. Geetha Kumari
Designation :	Internal Financial Advisor

Name :	Dr. J. S. Parihar
Designation :	Deputy Director, EPSA

Name :	Mrs. Rachna Kumari
Designation :	Head, Library and Documentation Division

Name :	D. Subrahmanyam
Designation :	Deputy Director (MESA: Mechanical Engineering Systems Area)

Name :	Mr. Rajeev Jyoti
Designation :	Group Director, ASG

DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION UNIT (DECU) ORGANISATION
Name :	Mr. V. S. Palsule
Designation :	Director

Name :	Mr. Rajesh Khandelwal
Designation :	Group Head (in Charge), CGG

Name :	Mr. Vikram N. Desai
Designation :	Group Director, SNDG

Name :	Mr. Rajesh Khandelwal
Designation :	Group Head, PPG

Name :	Mr. B. M. Darji
Designation :	Group Head (In Charge), SFG

LEADERS
Name :	Prof. Yash Pal
Designation :	Director (1973-1981)

Name :	Prof. E.V. Chitnis
Designation :	Director (1981-1985)

Name :	Prof. P.D. Bhavsar
Designation :	Director (1985-1986)

Name :	Mr. N. Pant
Designation :	Director (1986-1987)

Name :	Mr. P.P. Kale
Designation :	Director (1987-1994)

Name :	Dr. George Joseph
Designation :	Director (1994-1998)

Name :	Dr. A.K.S. Gopalan
Designation :	Director (1998-2002)

Name :	Dr. K.N. Shankara
Designation :	Director (2002-2005)

Name :	Dr. R. R. Navalgund
Designation :	Director (2005-2012)

Name :	Mr. A. S. Kiran Kumar
Designation :	Director (2012)

LOCAL AGENCY FURTHER INFORMATION

Sr. No.	Check List by Info Agents	Available in Report (Yes / No)
1]	Year of Establishment	No
2]	Locality of the firm	Yes
3]	Constitutions of the firm	Yes
4]	Premises details	No
5]	Type of Business	Yes
6]	Line of Business	Yes
7]	Promoter's background	No
8]	No. of employees	Yes
9]	Name of person contacted	No
10]	Designation of contact person	No
11]	Turnover of firm for last three years	No
12]	Profitability for last three years	No
13]	Reasons for variation <> 20%	-----
14]	Estimation for coming financial year	No
15]	Capital in the business	No
16]	Details of sister concerns	No
17]	Major suppliers	No
18]	Major customers	No
19]	Payments terms	No
20]	Export / Import details (if applicable)	No
21]	Market information	-----
22]	Litigations that the firm / promoter involved in	-----
23]	Banking Details	No
24]	Banking facility details	No
25]	Conduct of the banking account	-----
26]	Buyer visit details	-----
27]	Financials, if provided	No
28]	Incorporation details, if applicable	No
29]	Last accounts filed at ROC	No
30]	Major Shareholders, if available	No
31]	Date of Birth of Proprietor/Partner/Director, if available	Yes
32]	PAN of Proprietor/Partner/Director, if available	No
33]	Voter ID No of Proprietor/Partner/Director, if available	No
34]	External Agency Rating, if available	No

HISTORY

Prior to 1972, research in applications of space technology was pursued by different units of ISRO in Ahmedabad - the birthplace of Dr Vikram A. Sarabhai. These were merged to form subject in 1972. Subject is one of the major centre of Indian Space Research Organisation.

Satellite Communications\

Recognizing the possible role of space communications in nation building, an Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES) was established in 1967 at Ahmedabad (now part of SAC). It was an experimental Earth Station and training centre where scientists and engineers of India and other developing countries could receive training and first hand experience in the design, development and operations of an earth station for communications and broadcasting. A large number of international training courses have been conducted since then.

A unique experiment called the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was conducted during 1975-76 utilising the American ATS-6 satellite. It involved telecasting educational programmes aimed at socio-economic upliftment of rural India, to 2400 villages - spread over six states - through experimental Direct Reception Sets. SITE was followed by communication techniques developmental project called Satellite Telecommunications Experiments Projects (STEP), carried out with the Frenco-German satellite, Symphony.

The first experimental communication satellite APPLE, designed, fabricated and qualified at SAC, It was launched onboard the first experimental flight of the Arianne. An exhaustive communications application programme called the APPLE Utilisation Programme (AUP) was also conceived and carried out simultaneously.

The INSAT-1 series of satellites was custom designed and made as per the unique requirements of the country by a US company. The INSAT 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E, launched in the years 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999 respectively, were designed, fabricated and qualified in house. These had various combinations of C, Ext. C, Ku and S band transponders with varying degrees of EIRP Some of these also carried meteorological payload VHRR, payload for Search and Rescue, etc. It is worth noting here that eleven transponders onboard the INSAT2E was leased to the international INTELSAT group even before its launch.

INSAT-3A, 3B and 3C have been launched. Transponders for these satellites were developed at SAC.

The GSAT-2, carrying 4 C band, 2 Ku band India beam transponders and 1 MSS payload, and GSAT-3 (EDUSAT), carrying 5 Ku band transponders to provide coverage through 5 regional beams with spatial frequency reuse in addition to 2 Ku band and 6 Ext. C band transponders for all India coverage have already been launched.

Under the SATCOM and IT applications programme, the development of all hardware and software like DSDB receiver for digital sound and data broadcast and hybrid internet envisaged under GAP-1, has been successfully completed and demonstrations carried out using INSAT. A number of spin-off applications of DSDB for information dissemination were also developed and demonstrated.

Users like the All India Radio (AIR) and India Meteorology Department (IMD) have evinced keen interest in the use of DSDB for their programmes. In the area of Mobile Communication, the handheld MSS was integrated with GPS and demonstrated for fleet management applications. MSS was also interfaced with DCP and tested successfully with INSAT. A useful Edusat applications project (GAP-3) is already operational.

Remote Sensing

The utilisation of aerial and Landsat imagery for resources application in early 70s paved way for initiation of the remote sensing activities in the country. Activities were also carried in the field of meteorology with available data from foreign satellites and from indigenously developed airborne thermal Scanner. All the remote sensing activities so far can be divided into three Phases, viz. Experimental Phase, Semi-Operational and Operational Phase.

The first phase saw the development of airborne thermal sensors such as Infrared (IR) scanner, multispectral scanner, linear Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera, Side Looking Radar, Colour Infrared (CIR) based photographic systems and a number of photo interpretation and ground truth equipment which were later productionised through technology transfer. Landsat data were fully utilised since 1973 to learn space based Remote Sensing applications. For all these sensors, efforts were made to also define and develop data products systems.

Based on above initial work, a strong applications programme was evolved around these instruments. Foundations for space borne sensors were laid during this period. Under Satellite for Earth Observation (SEO) programme, 2 satellites were launched and called Bhaskara satellites after their Launch onboard Russian launch Vehicle. Bhaskara carried a 1 km resolution 2 band TV camera systems and a three channel microwave radiometer. These were designed, developed and successfully qualified in house. The programme formed the basis for the advanced sensor development leading to operational applications. Users were also sensitised for utilising remote sensing data from satellite based sensors.

The second phase in 1980s witnessed the results of earlier efforts of experimental satellites. The IRS 1A programme was successfully launched and the users started receiving multispectral imagery with 36m resolution. Professionalism was brought into the design of sensors, data products and applications projects. Major applications in agriculture, hydrology, geology and other areas were defined in close interaction with user agencies and the IRS utilisation programme was carried out successfully. These efforts led to semi-operational applications of IRS 1A data.

Over these years, groups had acquired adequate expertise in high resolution sensor design, digital image handling and analysis, design of applications missions and execution of the same in close interaction with user agencies and in coordination with other ISRO/DOS centres and units. Strong foundation was also laid for airborne SAR system development, its data processing and applications. Meteorology and Oceanographic studies were carried out with data in optical and microwave region from foreign satellites.

The advanced activities carried out during the third phase in 1990s put India at par with many other advanced nations through the design of high resolution sensors in the optical and microwave regions including a successfully flown airborne SAR system and a very sophisticated application programme tuned to their country's needs. The 5.8 m resolution Pan Camera of IRC 1C and 1D revolutionised the applications concept in the country. Being the best resolution civilian sensor in the world at that time, it attracted the attention of foreign users which resulted in the global reception of IRS data through the agreement with the American Company, Space Imaging/EOSAT. A variety of data products to meet the needs of user community were defined and developed. These are being used worldwide. The design and launch of the IRS-TES with 1 m resolution has gone a long way in redefining remote sensing with several new applications.

The applications programme got a fillip under several of the ISRO's innovative programmes like Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD) in which subject played a significant role. Applications in Agriculture like Crop Acreage and Production Estimation (CAPE) were operationalised which was accepted by the Agriculture Ministry as a major component in their scheme of crop production estimation. The latest collaborative programme with the user agencies, FASAL is another achievement in this direction. Numerous applications were demonstrated to utilise the sensor combination of medium resolution LISS-III sensor; high resolution Pan Camera and coarse resolution but highly repetitive WiFS imagery. Such a combination of sensors does not exist in any other operational remote sensing programme. Further, subject scientists trained a number of scientists in user departments on advanced concepts in RS applications.

As part of continuing support to Disaster Management in the country DOS has initiated several actions towards operational use of space data. These include near real time flood monitoring, National Agriculture Drought assessment and Monitoring (NADAMS), Land slide Hazard Zonation mapping, communication support to Disaster Management and airborne survey using airborne SAR, digital camera, etc. subject has been playing important role in many of these activities.

Meteorological and Oceanography

The Meteorological activities at subject basically involve payload design and fabrication and applications using the data received from such satellites. The successful ventures outlined in the previous paragraphs enabled ISRO to evolve an ambitious Remote Sensing and Meteorology programme for the country to have a unique constellation of satellites for resources and environmental applications. Bhaskara I and II were the first Indian Meteorological satellites which carried microwave radiometer called SAMIR to provide information on sea state and atmospheric water vapour content for use in meteorological studies.

In the initial phase of met applications data from Bhaskara were supplemented by data from NOAA, SEASAT, and ERS etc. Meteorological components from INSAT, starting from 1982 have now become fully operational. Over the years the resolution available from VHRR onboard INSATs has become better. The CCD camera also onboard some of the INSATs and inclusion of water vapour channel in the new VHRRs have added advantage. Exclusive meteorological payload would be carried ON BOARD Metsat.

The first exclusive meteorological satellite KALPANA-1 was launched by ISRO's PSLV on Sept. 12, 2002. It carried a VHRR and a data relay transmitter. ISRO has also launched the Oceansat-I in May, 1999. It has an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM), an optical sensor with 8 narrow spectral bands with high resolution and higher dynamic range and Multi frequency Microwave Scanning Radiometer (MSMR). These sensors have high repetivity of 2 days and hence are most suited for dynamic events in coastal and mid ocean regions.

SAC has also taken up many Applications projects under Announcement of Opportunity scheme of several international missions like ERS, TRMM, ADEOS, ENVISAT, etc. subject has state of the art General Circulation Models for experimentation with satellite data. Prediction of weather in the extended range and prediction of Ocean state in the short range are the fields of active research.

Laboratory models of advanced microwave sensors such as Scatterometer and Altimeter have already been developed. A major application programme is defined under DOD's funding at subject for development of applications packages to derive oceanographic and atmospheric parameters using space borne sensors.

PROCUREMENT

SAC procures product and services related to electronics, mechanical, test and measurement, fabrication etc. from domestic and world markets through competitive bidding process. It maintains a database of Vendors/suppliers/manufacturers for bid inviting. Industries willing to participate are encouraged to approach for registration.

VENDOR DEVELOPMENT

In accordance with the ISRO's policy of maximal utilisation of Industry capability, SAC has consciously nurtured Indian Industry to take up development / fabrication / testing / qualification / delivery of systems / hardware / software for space as well as ground use. Industries from different parts of India, specializing in varying fields such as microwaves, RF, digital, antennas, scientific software, image processing, data interpretation have contributed to SAC’s programmes and projects. C and Ku Receivers for INSAT and GSAT satellites, Transmit-Receive Modules, Power Amplifier Modules, multiplayer planar antenna, Power Conditioning and Processing Units and Digital subsystems for microwave remote sensing payload, Hybrid microcircuits for eletro-optic payloads, data products and stereo strip triangulation software for Cartosat have been delivered by industry through SAC-Industry tie up. Multilayer PCBs and various types of connectors from industry were qualified for space use.

Ongoing activities include Electronic power conditioner for TWTA, S-band switch matrix, Isolators and Circulators, metallisation of CFRP, ASIC and optical coating / lens assembly for electro-optic payloads and software development for GIS and Image processing modules. Industries situated in Ahmedabad regularly undertake PCB/ MIC wiring and packaging of flight model packages in their premises in clean rooms certified by SAC and with components given from SAC.

Industry played major role in realizing a number of ground based hardware. Some examples are INSAT MSS Type-C and Type-D terminals, Data handling and checkout equipment for IRS payloads, Digital sound and data broadcast receiver and digital hardware for microwave remote sensing projects.

A large number of Industries in and around Ahmedabad contribute through fabrication of mechanical packages required for space and ground applications.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH

SAC has been dealing with Indian Universities and research institution in the form of research collaboration, sponsored research and academic program.

SAC has entered into agreement with a number of universities for collaborative joint research on topics like crop production forecasting, meteorology and oceanography, ionospheric studies etc. It also has collaborative joint programs with several user ministries, organisations, PSUs and other space agencies.

Collaborative programs are useful in many ways. Such collaborative programs help in jointly contributing to a project as per one's strengths. It greatly encourages exchange of scientific ideas, knowledge and information. Collaborative programs may be in the field of design of larger missions or for smaller limited objectives. The Collaborative programs could be with educational institutes for project oriented research work.

Through MOU with number of universities, SAC Scientists/Engineers participate as external guide for Ph. D/ M. Tech. program. In a few cases teaching support is also extended.

IN HOUSE RESEARCH

Research and Technology Development Programs form an important part of any research organization. The in-house research activities are taken up in SAC under Technology Development Program/Research and Development (TDP/R&D). The TDP/R&D activities are taken up in advance looking to the requirement of future time bound projects.

Every year more than 100 TDP/R&D activities are ongoing in the centre. The expert committees review new proposals, monitor progress of ongoing activities and review completion reports. Director, SAC review the report of expert committees.

The outcome of TDP/R&D activities are utilized for Communication, Navigation and Remote Sensing projects.

Subject is one of the major centres of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is a unique centre dealing with a wide variety of themes ranging from payload developments to societal applications. Subject is responsible for realizing the applications-oriented programmes of ISRO in the areas of Satellite Communications, Navigation and Remote Sensing.

Highlights of SAC activities are:

v Design and development of space-borne instruments and payloads for communications and remote sensing satellites for ISRO missions :

Communication Transponders for INSAT/ GSAT series of communication satellites.

Optical and Microwave sensors systems for IRS-series of Earth-Observation and Meteorological satellites.

v Development of ground systems and terminals for:

Communication and data reception earth stations (Transmit/receive systems).

Software for data- products generation and data/image processing systems.

v Operationaliation of applications of space technology for national development. The applications cover communication, broadcasting, navigation, disaster monitoring, meteorology, oceanography, environment monitoring and natural resources surveys.

v Research and development on utilisation of space infrastructure for:

SATCOM applications like broadcasting, telecommunications, navigation, telemedicine, mobile communications, etc.

Remote Sensing/ Meteorological application like survey and information on natural resources, agricultural applications like crop, acreage and production estimation, coastal zone regulation, forestry, disaster monitoring and mitigation, studies in ocean and atmosphere science for weather forecasts, etc.

v Conducting nine-month Post-graduate (PG) diploma courses for students from the Asia Pacific region under the aegis of the Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTEAP) in satellite meteorology and communication. Subject works with industry for sourcing and indigenization involves Indian universities in space research and propagates space technology and applications amongst students and public through in-house and mobile exhibitions.

In order to carry out the above tasks, subject has highly sophisticated payload integration laboratories, electronic and mechanical fabrication facilities, environmental test facilities, systems reliability/assurance group, project planning and management support and a well-stocked library.

LEADERS:

Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai

Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was the father of India’s space programme.

Born at Ahmedabad on 12th August 1919, he obtained his Tripos (1939) and Ph. D. (1947) in cosmic ray physics from Cambridge University, U.K. He worked with Sir C.V.Raman, the Nobel Laureate, at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. On his return from Cambridge, Dr. Sarabhai set up the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad. He was also responsible for establishing the Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Reaserch Association (ATIRA) and the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad.

He established the Community Science Centre under the aegis of the Nehru Foundation for Development, which was renamed as Vikram A. Sarabhai Community Science Centre. In 1966, Dr. Sarabhai was appointed as Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, and Government of India. He saw the tremendous potential of using modem science to help in the process of development. He drew up plans to take modern education to the remotest villages by using satellite television.

He was awarded in 1962 the Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Memorial Award to Physics. He was also honored with the award of Padma Bhusan in 1966 by the government of India. The Padma Vibhusan was awarded to him posthumously.

CHAIRMAN:

Dr. K. Radhakrishnan; the current Chairman of Space Commission, Secretary, Department of Space, Government of India and Chairman of ISRO; is a technocrat par excellence; a dynamic and result-oriented Manager with very fine personal and inter-personal qualities; an astute Institution-builder with a strategic vision; an able Administrator with a positive attitude; and an inspiring Leader credited with nurturing leadership skills in the younger generation. He has had a distinguished career adorned with accomplishments that spans beyond 39 years in space technology, applications and space programme management.

Dr. Radhakrishnan was born on 29 August, 1949 at Irinjalakuda, Kerala. He graduated in Electrical Engineering from Kerala University (1970), completed his PGDM from IIM Bangalore (1976) and was awarded Doctorate for his thesis titled “Some Strategies for Indian Earth Observation System” from IIT Kharagpur (2000).

Starting his career as an Avionics Engineer in 1971 at ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum; he commendably held several decisive positions in ISRO such as Project Director for setting up Regional Remote Sensing Centers (1987-89); Director of Budget and Economic Analysis for entire ISRO (1987-97); Director of National Natural Resources Management System-Regional Remote Sensing Service Centers (1989-97); Mission Director of Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development and Deputy Director of National Remote Sensing Agency (1997-2000); Director of National Remote Sensing Agency (2005-08); Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (2007-09); and Member, Space Commission (October 2008-October 2009)) with some responsibilities in concurrence. During 2000-05 he had a stint in the Ministry of Earth Sciences as the Founder Director of Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services and the first Project Director of Indian National Tsunami Warning System. He also held several important positions at the international level including Vice Chairman of Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (2001-05), Founder Chairman of Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System (2001-06) and Chairman of the Working Group of the Whole UN-COPUOS STSC (2008-2009).

Dr. Ranganath Ramarao Navalgund

Director

Born: March 17, 1948

Current Position:Director and Distinguished Scientist

Education:

o Ph. D (Physics), 1977, from Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay

o M. Sc (Physics), 1970, from Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Positions held Earlier:

o Director, National Remote Sensing Agency, Dept. of Space, Govt. of India (May 2001 to Nov. 2005)

o Deputy Director, Remote Sensing Applications Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad (1998-2001)

o Group Director, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad (1994-1998)

Major Scientific and Technical Contributions

o Spectral signature studies towards understanding spectral response of crops

o Provided leadership in evolving and executing National level Remote Sensing Application Programmes in the fields of Crop Production Forecasting; Watershed Development; Ground water Prospect; Ocean Colour; Coastal Zone Management; Wasteland inventory, Wetland inventory; District level planning

o Definition of sensors (spectral bands and ground resolutions) on IRS Series of Satellites

o Evolving National Natural Resources Management System and Promotion of remote sensing activities in the states

o Data Acquisition and Processing Systems, including International Ground Stations

o Disaster Management Support Programme: Setting up a Decision Support Centre at NRSC (then NRSA)

o Science and application programmes related to Oceansat-2, Megha Tropique, INSAT-3D and SARAL.

o Overseeing the development of electro-optical sensors for Cartosat, Resourcesat, Oceansat series, microwave sensors for RISAT, Megha Tropique, Oceansat-2 and communication transponders for GSAT-series, and navigation payloads for IRNSS.

International Assignments

o Co-chair of the Indo-US Joint Working Group on Civil Space Cooperation

o Leader of the Indian delegation and Joint Working Group between the Chinese Space Agency and ISRO

o Responsible for the establishment of India-Myanmar Friendship Remote Sensing Centre at Yangon, Myanmar

o Principal Member of the Group on Earth Observation [Global Earth Observation System of systems (GEOSS)] {2003 - ……..}

o Member of the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group (IOCCG)(1999-2003, 2005-2009)

o Member of the Indian delegation to the UN Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.

o Co-chair, ISRO European Space Agency Joint Working Group on Earth Observation.

o Co-chair, ISRO-CNES Steering Committee for Megha-Tropiques.

· Professional Societies

o President of the Technical Commission of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for the period 2000-2004

o President, Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Dehradun , India (2004 - 2006)

o President, Indian Society of Geomatics (2008-.....)

o Fellow, Indian Academy of Science, Bangalore

o Fellow, Astronautical Society of India , Bangalore

o Fellow, Indian Geophysical Union , Hyderabad

o Fellow, Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Dehradun

o Fellow, Andhra Pradesh Academy of Sciences, Hyderabad

o Fellow, Gujarat Science Academy , Ahmedabad

o Member, International Academy of Astronautics

AWARDS

Award Certificate is granted to SAC as Special Mention (Technology)

Natioanal Geospatial Award for Excellence – 2009

CSI Patron Award is granted to Dr. Haresh Bhatt during 2010 Annual Convention at Mumbai

NASI-Reliance Platinum Jubilee award , 2009

Shri D.C. Mehta, Sci/Engr. received Second prize at the “39 th All India Hindi Essay Competition” conducted by Kendriya Sachivalaya Hindi Parishad, New Delhi in their golden jubilee year. Shield awarded for year 2008 – 09 by Shri Dinsha Patel, Minister of State at Teen Murti Bhawan, New Delhi on June 14, 2010.

Dr. Ranganath R. Navalgund, Director has been elected as the Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore

Director, SAC has been chosen for the Distinguished Alumnus Award of the TIFR Alumni Association

The paper entitled “Efficiency Based Wheat Yield Prediction in a Semi-arid climate using surface Energy Budgeting with satellite bservations” by R Nigam, B.K. Bhattacharya, K. Dakore, K. Mallick, A. M. Shekh and N. K. Patel presented in ‘Geospatial Technologies with Special Emphasis on Sustainable Rainfed Agriculture’ during September 17-19, 2009, Nagpur received the best research paper award.

Dr. Sujay Dutta, AFEG/RESA received Dr. P.R. Pisharoty memorial award instituted by ISRS at National convention held at Nagpur.

Dr. R.R. Navalgund, Director, SAC, is honoured with the prestigious National –‘Maharana Udai Singh Award’ for the year 2009 in the view of his distinguished services of permanent value to society in the field of environment.

SAC has won first prize (cash and trophy) for its tableau on Chandrayaan-1 during Republic Day function organised by Govt of Gujarat in Godhra

ISRS Awards received by SAC scientists during ISRS Symposium-2008.

Shri A. S. Kiran Kumar has been bestowed upon with "Bhaskara Award - 2007 " by Indian Society of Remote Sensing.

Shri P. R. Pisharoty Memorial Award - 2008 and Indian National Geospatial Award - 2008 is presented to Dr. (Ms) Rashmi Sharma.

‘Young Engineer Award -2008’ was presented to Mr. Arup Banerjee in the field of "Design and Development of Camera Heads for Space Borne Payloads" on December 5, 2008.

Dr B.S. Gohil is nominated as Co-chair of Wind Scatterometer Constellation Science Team.

Shri VK Garg, Dr. SB Sharma and Shri Tapan Misra were awarded individual 'Merit Award'.

Shri Anurag Verma, Shri Arup Banarjee, Shri Jigar Pandya, Ms. Meenakshi Shukla and Shri Mehul Pandya were awarded the 'Young Scientist' awards.

ISRO Awards Announced

Shri A. S. Kirankumar and Shri Tapan Misra have been elected as Corresponding Member of International Academy of Astronautics.

Dr. Raj Kumar was selected for the 'Hari Om Ashram Prerit Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Research Awards' for his contributions and achievements in the field of Space Applications.

Dr. S. B. Sharma is selected for the ' 11th IETE-BV Baliga Memorial Award' in recognition for his distinguished contribution for deployable antennae for Oceansat-I/II, RISAT, INSAT-4A/4B, Kalpana Edusat, GSAT-4 and Gagan Satellites.

Dr. Rangnath R. Navalgund, Director has been selected for the VASVIK Award for the year - 2003.

Aryabhata award 2006 - Dr. Pramod Kale, Former Director, SAC

Astronautical Society of India Annual awardees for the year 2006 : Spacecraft and Related Technologies - Shri S.S.Rana

Astronautical Society of India Annual awardees for the year 2006 : Women Scientist - Smt. Jolly Dhar

Certificate of Excellence to Kendriya Vidyalaya, SAC.

Dr B. S. Munjal has been bestowed upon with “Innovative Student Projects Award 2007-Doctoral level” and “K.Suryanarain Rau Memorial Senior Student Award” for Research and Development in Smart Technology-2007 by Indian Society for Advancement of Materials and Process Engineering (ISAMPE) at NAL, Bangalore on Jun. 22, 2007.

"Accelerated life testing for estimating life of thermal painting process" was selected as the best technical paper presented at INCRESE - 2007 conference. Paper is authored by Shri Vimal Shah, Shri D.B.Bhatt and Shri P.L.Kulkarni.

Dr. Rangnath R. Navalgund, Director, SAC has been conferred 'BHASKARA AWARD' for the year 2006 by the Indian Society of Remote Sensing in recognition of his significant contributions to the growth of remote sensing activities in the country.

Shri AS Kiran Kumar and Dr. MYS Prasad of SAC were awarded Individual Service Award of ISRO.

Shri Manavala Ramanujam, Ms. Minal Sampat, Ms. Rinku Agrawal, Shri B. N. Sharma and Shri Shashank Saxena were awarded Individual Service Award under 35 years.

Team Awards of ISRO were awarded to CARTOSAT-2 (Fifteen persons), CAPE and DMS (Twenty Six persons) and INSAT 2E On-orbit Management (One person).

SAC was conferred with “The Award of Excellence for Geospatial Usage” by Geospatial Today for well known "Crop Acreage and Production Estimation Project (CAPE)”. Dr. J. S. Parihar, Project Director received the Award on behalf of SAC.

Dr. Rajkumar was conferred Prof. P. R. Pisharoty Memorial Award by ISRS in recognition of his contributions to satellite data retrieval and analysis for ocean applications.

Dr. K. R. Manjunath was conferred Prof. P. R. Pisharoty Memorial Award by ISRS in recognition of his significant research contribution in newer areas of applications of remote sensing in agriculture.

Shri Shashikant Sharma was awarded ISPRS Indian Geospatial Award.

Dr. S. S. Ray received Hari Om Ashram Prerit Dr. Vikram Sarabhai research award in the field of Space Applications.

Ms. Shilpa C Pandya of SRG received the Astronautically Society of India’s Gold Medal for meritorious contributions to ISRO Programmes in the field of Product Assurance.

Mr. Tapan Misra was elected as the Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineers.

Chairman/Member of ISRO/DOS Committees

i) Member, ISRO Council (May 2001 onwards)

ii) Board of Director, Antrix Corporation, ISRO (till November 2005)

iii) Chairman, EOS XIth Plan Committee

iv) Co-Chairman, Natural Resources Repository - Management Council

v) Chairman, Village Resource Centre – Management Council

vi) Chairman, ISRO Committee for review of Scientists/Engineers for promotion from grade SE-SF and Member, DPC SF to SG

vii) Member, Project Management Council, Chandrayaan-I

viii) Member, ISRO Policy and Programme Council

ix) Alternate Chairman, Programme Execution Committee (PEC) of Disaster Management Support Programme. Contributed towards evolving Decision Support Centre at NRSA.

x) Member, Review Team of ISRO’s Programme on Meteorology and Oceanography.

xi) Member, Expert Group on Setting-up of Cal/Val site for Ocean Remote Sensing.

xii) Chairman and Member of various IRS Missions such as Chairman, IRS-P5 Ground Segment Incremental PDR; Expert Committee for review of IRS-P5 decompression process; Member, IRS-P6 Overall Committee, PDR of Space Segment of RISAT satellite.

xiii) Member, Project Review Board of INSAT-3D Mission .

xiv) Chairman IGBP-PMB. Reviewing ISRO-Geosphere-Biosphere Programme activities.

xv) Chairman, High Power Committee of NESAC, Shillang. Finalized a Master Plan addressing the specific needs of the developmental planning of the region.

xvi) Member, Governing Council of NE-SAC, Shillong;

xvii) Member, Governing Board of UN Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTEAP).

xviii) Chairman, ISRO Centralised Recruitment Board (2007-........)

As Chairman/Member of various Committees outside DOS/ISRO helping promotion of Remote Sensing activities in the country

i) Chairman, Technical Group set up by the Union Home Ministry for National Disaster Emergency Management.

ii) Member, Advisory Committee for the Centre for Earth Space Sciences, University of Hyderabad .

iii) Chairman, Council of Academy of Geo-informatics of the Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics, Gandhingar.

iv) Member, Advisory Committee for the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (2005) in Earth Sciences, constituted by Dept. of Science and Technology.

v) Adjunct Faculty of Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirapalli.

vi) Member, National Committee of IGBP, WCRP and SCOPE constituted by Indian National Science Academy . New Delhi (2004 – 2007).

vii) Member, Advisory Committee of the B.Sc. (Applied) in GIS and Remote Sensing, Dept. of Geography, University of Pune .

viii) Member, ISRO Expert Team constituted to meet Vice Chancellor and Faculty of Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi for extending ISRO/DOS assistance to the Dept. of Geography of Jamia Milia Islamia for promoting the teaching and training of RS and GIS.

ix) Member, Joint Policy Committee (JPC) of ISRO-IIT ( Bombay ) Space Technology Cell.

x) Member, ICRISAT – M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation joint watershed project.

xi) Member, Apex Coordination Committee for implementing M.Tech. Remote Sensing Course, constituted by Andhra University , Visakhapatnam .

xii) Member, Board of Studies in Geo-Engineering, Andhra University , Visakhapatnam .

xiii) Member, Apex Coordination Committee for application of Space based capabilities in disaster management, constituted by Ministry of Home Affairs.

xiv) Member, National Core Group for Landslide Mitigation, constituted by Ministry of Home Affairs.

xv) Member, Cyclone Monitoring and Mitigation Group, constituted by Ministry of Home Affairs.

xvi) Member, Governing Body of Island Development and Training Institute of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

xvii) Member, Technical Advisory Group, constituted by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi.

xviii) Member, Programme Advisory and Monitoring Committee (PAMC) on Himalayan Glaciology, constituted by Ministry of Science and Technology.

xix) Member of Governing Body/Advisory Committees of the following State Remote Sensing Centres

- Governing Body of Jharkhand subject;

- Governing Body of Orissa Remote Sensing Application Centre, Bhubaneshwar;

- Governing Body of Maharashtra Remote Sensing Applications Centre, Nagpur ;

- Advisory Committee, Remote Sensing Applications Centre, Chhattisgarh Council of Science and Technology, Raipur ;

- Governing Board of Andhra Pradesh State Remote Sensing Applications Centre, Hyderabad ;

- Executive Committee and Member in the General Body of Karnataka State Remote Sensing Applications Centre, Bangalore;

- Governing Body of Remote Sensing Applications Centre, U.P.., Luicknow;

- Governing Body of Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana .

ONGOING ACTIVITIES:

Satellite Communication and Navigation Payloads

Transponders for INSAT/GSAT:

Subject designs and develops transponders in S, C, Ku and Ka bands for operational INSAT programs and for GSAT series.

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS):

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) envisages establishment of regional navigation system using a combination of GEO and GSO spacecraft. The IRNSS system is expected to provide position accuracy better than 20m over India and region extending about 1500 km around India.

Ground systems:

Appropriate ground systems are developed for fixed, mobile and portable communications, satellite navigation and digital broadcasting.

Facilities:

Complex engineering and test challenges are met by advanced facilities for microwave integrated circuits fabrication and compact antenna test range facility, climatic and enviornmental tests, vibration test mechanical and electronics fabrication.

For future missions, subject has set sight on advanced technologies like monolithic microwave integrated circuits, high power systems / components, unfurlable and reconfigurable antenna , active array antenna, onboard processing, etc.

Major ongoing projects are:

GSAT-5P'

GSAT- 6 / INSAT-4E

GSAT-7 / INSAT-4F

GSAT-8/ INSAT-4G

GSAT-11

INSAT-3D

Indigenous Navigation System GAGAN

Remote Sensing Payloads

Electro-optical Sensors:

A large range of airborne and space-borne electro-optical imaging sensors have been developed.

Sensors for IRS Series:

CCD technology has been used for sensors of IRS satellites (LISS, PAN and WiFS cameras) Design capabilities include sensor systems with spatial resolution of up to around one meter and spectral range extending up to thermal infrared. Airborne imaging capabilities include aerial photographic systems, CCD cameras and Imaging Spectrometer.

Meteorological Payloads:

Payloads based on electronic (CCD) and mechanical (VHRR) scanning technology have been flown onboard INSAT satellites for visible and thermal imaging of earth. Advanced sounders are being developed for INSAT 3D and future satellites.

Microwave Sensors:

Space-borne microwave radiometer (SAMIR), Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar and ground based scatterometer have been successfully developed. Spaceborne Ku band Scatterometer has been flown on Oceansat-2 mission. Challenging task of developing a high resolution space-borne imaging radar (RISAT) has been realised. Advanced microwave sensors like total Synthetic Aperture Radiometer and millimeter wave sounder are on the anvil for future.

Major ongoing projects are:

v INSAT-3D : SOUNDER - 19 channels, IMAGER - 6 channel, 1km (visible and SWIR), 4km (MIR, split-TIR), 8km (WV).

v RESOURCESAT-2 : AWiFS - <55m resolution, 4 bands, > 700km swath; LISS-3 - 23 m resolution, 4 bands, > 140km swath ; LISS IV-5.8m resolution, 3 bands, 23km swath.

v RISAT-1 : SAR - 3m to 50m resolution, C-band, multi-polarization and multi-mode operation.

v MEGHATROPIQUES : MW multi-frequency imaging radiometer (MADRAS) , Earth radiation budget estimation instrument (ScaRaB) Microwave humidity profiler (SAPHIR).

v OCEANSAT-2 : OCM-2 ~ 360m resolution, 8 bands, 1400 km swath, Scanning. scatterometer - Ku-band, ~ 1400km swath.

v Youth SAT : Joint scientific mission between India and Russia with participation of youth from both countries, Solar flare monitoring P/L, Near Earth space monitoring payloads, Air glow measurements of the Earth's upper atmosphere.

v CARTOSAT - 3 : Complex and multiple Focal planes, Large size highly light weighted Mirrors, high speed electronics

v CARTOSAT - 2C/ D : Optics same as in 2A/B but with Radiometric improvements, 12K indigenous TDI for PAN, Compact Mx in place of Redundant Chain using Tri-TDI and Strip filter, Tri-TDI Evaluated and Ordered for FM

v GISAT : High resolution (50m) imagery from Geo platform, Optics similar to cartosat-2, Complex focal plane to provide imagery in VNIR, SWIR and MIR, HYSI in VNIR and SWIR

v CHANDRAYAN -2 Proposals

v SARAL : INDO-FRENCH COLLABORATION : To relize precise, repetitive global measurements of sea surface height, significant wave heights and wind speed for development of operational oceanography (study of meso-scale ocean viability, coastal region observations, inland waters, marine ecosystems, etc.) Understanding of climate and developing forecasting capabilities and Operational meteorology.

SATCOM and Navigational Applications

SATCOM and Navigational applications are carried out to demonstrate the utility of space segment. Apart from broadcasting, mobile communications, navigation, interactive video/audio communication experiments have been carried out.

SITE, carried out during mid 70’s was the world’s largest communications experiment. Many other experiments like STEP, AUP were conducted. Under GSAT-1 Applications Project (GAP-1) ,cost-effective elements for s-band digital broadcasting systems were developed and demonstrated for applications of digital audio, video, data broadcasting. Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) applications are being pursued for fleet management and messaging through user trials.

Currently the emphasis is on satellite based tele-education, tele-medicine, wide-band services and navigation. GSAT-3 (Edusat) applications project is focused on spreading satellite based distance education to the entire country on school, college and university level. GSAT-4 will use Ka-band technology for educational multimedia webcasting, high volume data transfer and internet services. Under satellite navigation, subject is working on a satellite based system for high accuracy positioning information for civil aviation applications.

Satellite Navigation has revolutionzed the navigation world, opening new opportunities which require high precision positioning and timing. Large service volume and all weather capability provides varieties of applications.

Currently the emphasis is on:

v Information Services and Village Information System

v Satellite based Tele-education using EDUSAT Satellite

v Tele Medicine

v Tele Education

v DTH Service

v Navigation Services

v Digital Sound and Data Broadcasting (DSDB)

v Disaster Management and emergency communications

v Wide band service and navigation

v GRAMSAT Programmes

v Distress alert transmitter development

v Joint development of Sparse Area Communication

Remote Sensing Application and Data Products

Applications:

Subject carries out application projects and research in remote sensing applications for survey, monitoring and management of natural resources in the areas of agriculture, environment, forestry, coastal and marine zone, geology, urban and infrastructure planning, meteorology and oceanography.

Advanced Research focuses on numerical and spatial modelling using image processing and GIS tools for applications like crop yield and weather forecasting, dynamics of atmosphere, oceans, coasts and ecosystem and use of microwave data for various applications.

Data products software:

Subject develops data products generation software for IRS (as well as meteorological payloads of INSAT) satellites for Indian as well as international ground stations. Image processing and GIS software for utilization of Indian satellites have been developed.

Collaboration network:

Subject collaborates with a large number of state and central departments, research institutions, universities, NGOs and industries for project execution and research.

Training:

Subject organizes need-based training programs for users in India and abroad and provides training on Satcom and Satmet applications for Asia Pacific region through CSSTEAP.

Following are the major ongoing activities:

v Cartosat 1/2 utilisation

v Oceansat II utilisation

v Megha Tropiques

v Insat 3D Utilisation

v Physical Oceanography

v Satellite Meterology

v Coastal and Geological Oceanography

v Energy and Water Balance Monitoring

v EIA of Agriculture system

v Bio-diversity conservation in wetlands

v Development and Demo. of a Crop Growth Monitoring System for India

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

Fade mitigation techniques

v Development and optimization of adaptive uplink power control and rain fade mitigation technique for Ka-band network

v Simulation, design and dev. Of Binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation system

Miniaturisation (Ka+Ku/C)

v Development of super compact Ka -band receiver using integrated MMIC

v RF MEM Switches and Phase shifter

v LTCC based Microwave Subsystems

Power amplifier technologies

v MMIC for Linearized Driver Amplifiers

v Development of Chip based Ka/Ku Band Solid State Amplifier modules

v High Power MMIC Module

v Multiport Amplifier Using LTCC Technology

EPCs for future payloads

v EPC Topology

v VRM for low voltage high current application

v EPC for Dynamically biased SSPAs

Payload System Engineering-Integration

v System Study and Development of critical subassemblies for inter satellite link (ISL) at 60 GHz

v System study on Payload architecture for Flexible bandwidth allocation and

v Micro Satellite Communication System: A System Study, Simulation and Design

Payload Technology Elements

v Input Mux using HTS Filters

v Study and design RF MEMS

v Development of RF mems Switch

Payload High Power Components and Test

v Output Mux using DR Filters

v High Power feed through Windows

v Study Project - Design for manufacturing and assembly for high precision Ka-band

v Development of Ring Resonator at High Power and Multipactor Test

v Realization and Qualification of Flexible Cable Assembly for Space Use

v Thermostructural Behaviour Characterisation setup for MUX development

Antenna for Satcom

v Spot Beam Antenna

v Dual Frequency/Broad Band micro strip antenna elements

v Active Patch Array

Antenna for Remote Sensing

v Design Conformal Antennas for SAR

v Multi frequency Multi Polarization system for SAR

v Switched Beam Scanning Antenna for X-band space borne SAR

Metallisation of CFRP

Development of Metallised S/C Antenna Reflector

Smart structures

Prototype development of Small Smart Structural Systems

Ka Band Propagation Studies and Other SATCOM Appl. related

v Ka Band Propagation Experiment

v Satellite Network Simulation (Pre-investment for ACS)

v Tracking Receiver for Advance Communication Satellites

v Development of Digital beacon/pilot receiver

v Realization of SAC Grid

v Development of IP Modem

v Development of UHF terminal for GSAT-7

v Two channel monopulse tracking receiver - 70 MHz

v Two way satellite communication link

High Data Rate Modems and Others

v Technology dev. of multimedia multicast services

v Development of high data rate modulator/demodulator for future ACS

DVBS/PCMA

v Study and implementation of DVB-S2

v Study of PCMA

v Development of LDPC codes

v Development of advanced video codec

SATCOM Applications

v Development of IP modem

v Ka band propagation experiment

v Study and implementation of DVB-S2

v Grid computing

Earth Observation Applications

v Crop Growth Monitoring System

v Energy and water balance monitoring for agricultural applications

v Event base monitoring system

v Ocean colour and biological oceanography

v Satellite meteorology

v Physical oceanography

Others

v Study On Sensor data evaluation

v Understanding the temporal and spatial chlorophyll var. pattern

v Sensor system studies for crop/vegetation monitoring

v Techniques for retrieval of parameters for agricultural studies using microwave radiometry and scatterometry

v Multi-angular remote sensing for assessing crop growth

v Evaluation of space borne scatterometer data

v RADARSAT-Announcement of Opportunity project: Soil moisture, roughness and vegetation parameter retrieval

v RADARSAT-(Announcement of Opportunity) Biophysical parameter retrieval of cotton and maize using polarimetric SAR data

v SMOS AO: Validation of SMOS soil moisture informationDevelopment of Gold-Tin Solder (80/20) alloy

v Development of Nitride based high frequency Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices.

v Terminals for Inter Satellite Optical Photonics Link.

v Advanced Microwave and MM wave antenna

SERVICES

v MOSDAC – Meteorological and Oceanography Satellite Data Archival Center

v NRDB – National Resource Database

v AWS - Automatic Weather Station Portal

v VMS – Vehicle Monitoring System

v MSS – Mobile Satcom services

v EDUSAT – Tele education

v Telemedicine

Campus

Subject has around 2000 employees who work from a 90-acre lush green campus. Subject has state of the art laboratories and payload fabrication and test facilities. Multi-disciplinary nature of staff, ranging from TV cameramen to payload fabrication engineers, makes subject a unique institute of extreme diversity under one roof.

Subject also has a well equipped Library with all modern facilities and resources in the form of books, journals, standards, specifications, thesis, reports, CDs, DVDs, Floppies, microfiche, microfilms, audio/video cassettes, etc.

The campus has auditorium, guesthouse, canteen, sports complex, bank, post office, cooperative store, library, Hindi cell, space exhibition etc. A new campus of subject has come up at Bopal where Meteorology and Oceanography Group operates and UN-CSSTEAP conducts its SATCOM and SATMET post graduate courses. Subject has presence in Delhi as Delhi Earth Station. Subject comes under CISF security cover.

PUBLICATIONS

Date of Issue	Title	Authors
Jul-2010	Schottky Diode-Based Microwave Limiter With Adjustable Threshold Power Level	Bera, S.C.; Basak, K; Jain, V.K.; Singh, R.V.; Garg, V.K
Feb-2010	Non-point source pollution in Indian agriculture: Estimation of nitrogen losses from rice crop using remote sensing and GIS	Chhabra, Abha; Manjunath, K.R.; Panigrahy, Sushma
19-Jan-2010	Micro rain cell measurements in tropical India for site diversity fade mitigation estimation	Shukla, Ashish K.; Roy, Bijoy; Das, Saurabh; Charania, A.R.; Kavaiya, K.S.; Bandyopadhyay, K.; Dasgupta, K.S.
2010	Non-point source pollution in Indian agriculture: Estimation of nitrogen losses from rice crop using remote sensing and GIS	Chhabra, Abha; Manjunath, K.R.; Panigrahy, Sushma
25-Oct-2009	Bathymetry prediction over a part of the Bombay High in the western offshore using very high resolution satellite gravity data	Bhattacharyya, R.; Majumdar, T.J.
Aug-2009	Two-Shell Ionospheric Model for Indian Region: A Novel Approach	Shukla, Ashish K.; Das, Saurabh; Nagori, Neha; Sivaraman, M. R.; Bandyopadhyay, K.
Aug-2009	Polarized microwave forward model simulations for tropical storm Fanoos	Balaji, C.; Deiveegan, M.; Venkateshan, S. P.; Gairola, R.M.; Sarkar, Abhijit; Agarwal, Vijay K.
Jul-2009	Comparison of TRMM TMI and PR Version 5 and 6 Precipitation Data Products Under Cyclonic Weather Conditions	Kumar, Rajesh; Varma, A.K.; Mishra, Anoop; Gairola, R.M.; Das, I.M.L.; Sarkar, Abhijit; Agarwal, Vijay K.
20-Jun-2009	Retrieval of land surface albedo and temperature using data from the Indian geostationary satellite: a case study for the winter months	Bhattacharya, B.K.; Mallick, K.; Padmanabhan, N.; Patel, N.K.; Parihar, J.S.
Jun-2009	Improvement in wave forecast using data assimilative coastal wave model	Bhowmick, Suchandra A.; Kumar, Raj; Basu, Sujit; Sarkar, Abhijit; Agarwal, Vijay K.
Jun-2009	Wind and wave parameters of west coast of India using Synthetic Aperture Radar data	B Pai, Jagadeesha; Kumar, Raj; Sarkar, Abhijit; Bhowmick, Suchandra A.; Hedge, Vittal A.; Dwarakish, G.S.
12-May-2009	Latent heat flux estimation in clear sky days over Indian agroecosystems using noontime satellite remote sensing data	Mallick, Kaniska; Bhattacharya, B.K.; Rao, V.U.M.; Reddy, D. Raji; Banerjee, Saon; Venkatesh, H.; Pandey, Vyas; Kar, Gouranga; Mukherjee, Joydeep; Vyas, S. P.; Gadgil, Alaka S.; Patel, N.K.
1-May-2009	Bimodal variation of SST and related physical processes over the North Indian Ocean: special emphasis on satellite observations	Lakshmi, V.; Parekh, A.; Sarkar, Abhijit
1-Apr-2009	Covariation in subskin-bulk temperature difference with environmental parameters in the north Indian Ocean	Parekh, Anant; Sarkar, Abhijit
15-Mar-2009	Estimating volumetric surface moisture content for cropped soils using a soil wetness index based on surface temperature and NDVI	Mallick, Kaniska; Bhattacharya, B.K.; Patel, N.K.
10-Mar-2009	Spatial pattern of methane emissions from Indian livestock	Chhabra, Abha; Manjunath, K.R.; Panigrahy, S.; Parihar, J.S.
Mar-2009	Study of high resolution satellite geoid/gravity data over the western Indian offshore region for tectonics and hydrocarbon exploration	Bhattacharyya, R.; Verma, P.K.; Majumdar, T.J.
Mar-2009	Geoid and gravity anomaly data of conjugate regions of Bay of Bengal and Enderby Basin: New constraints on breakup and early spreading history between India and Antarctica	Krishna, K.S.; Michael, Laju; Bhattacharyya, R.; Majumdar, T.J.
Feb-2009	Driver circuits for temperature-invariant performance of junction diodes	Bera, S.C.; Singh, R.V.; Garg, V.K.
Feb-2009	Surface temperature anomalies over Gujarat, India and their possible correlation with earthquake occurrences	Majumdar, T.J.; Rao, B. Chakradhara
21-Jan-2009	Surface temperature estimation in Singhbhum Shear Zone of India using Landsat-7 ETM+ thermal infrared data	Srivastava, P.K; Majumdar, T.J.; Bhattacharya, Amit K.
2009	Novel Performance of QPSK Modulator Subsystem with Matched Filters for GSAT-4 Satellite	Sah, K.L.; Dasgupta, K.S.; Jit, S.
2009	Design, Implementation and Realization of 64Kbps ½ QPSK Based Burst Demodulator for Onboard Application	Mishra, Deepak; Topiwala, Aasiya; Dasgupta, Dr K.S.
2009	Rainfall retrieval over Indian land and oceanic regions from SSM/I microwave data	Mishra, Anoop; Gairola, V.M.; Varma, A.K.; Sarkar, Abhijit; Agarwal, Vijay K.
2009	Improvement in Predictiability of Waves Over ther Indian Ocean	Kumar, Raj; Bhowmick, Suchandra A.; Ray, Sulagna; Bhatt, Vihang; Surendran, Suhe; Basu, Sujit; Sarkar, Abhijit; Agarwal, Vijay K.
2009	Forecasting of scatterometer-derived wind fields in the north Indian Ocean with a data-adaptive approach	Basu, Sujit; Sharma, Rashmi; Agarwal, Neeraj; Kumar, Raj; Sarkar, Abhijit
2009	Inter-comparision of numerical model generated surface winds with Qikscat winds over the Indian Ocean	Deb, Sanjib K.; Bhowmick, Suchandra A.; Kumar, Raj; Sarkar, Abhijit
2009	Integrated effect of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation on yield, water saving and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indian Punjab:Field and simulation study	Jalota, S.K.; Singh, K.B.; Chahal, G.B.S.; Gupta, R.K.; Chakraborty, Somsubhra; Sood, Anil; Ray, S.S.; Panigrahy, S.

ROLE OF ACADEMIA

Sponsored Research (Respond)

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has a programme through which financial support is provided for conducting research and development activities related to Space Science, Space Technology and Space Application in Universities and academic Institutions in India. This programme of Research Sponsored by ISRO is called RESPOND. In special cases research and development projects proposed by non-academic R and D laboratories can also be supported through this programme. The aim of RESPOND is to encourage quality research in areas of relevance to the Indian space programme.

The main objective of the RESPOND Programme is to establish strong links with academic Institutions to carryout quality Research and developmental projects of relevance to space and derive useful outputs to support ISRO programmes. RESPOND programme will enhance academic base, generate human resources and infrastructure at the academic Institution to support the space programme.

Subject coordinates a number of research projects which are sponsored under respond program of ISRO. A proactive approach of inviting universities to submit proposals of direct relevance to subject has been initiated. A Research Areas Document has been prepared to help researchers participate in R and D activities of SAC.

CENTRE FOR SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (CSSTEAP)

The Centre is an Education and Research Institution that is capable of high attainments in the development and transmission of knowledge in the fields of Space Science and Technology. The initial emphasis of the Centre has been on in-depth education, research and applications programmes, linking to the global programmes/databases, execution of pilot projects, continuing education, awareness and appraisal programmes.The Centre is hosted by the Government of India, Department of Space. Government of India has made available appropriate facility and expertise to the Centre through the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun, subject (SAC), Ahmedabad and Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad.

The Centre offers Post Graduate Level Courses in the fields of :

v Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System

v Satellite Communications

v Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate

v Space and Atmospheric Sciences

A set of standard curricula developed by the United Nations is adapted for the educational programmes. The Centre is affiliated to the United Nations and its education programrnes are recognised by Andhra University, India.

PUBLIC RELATIONS:

Association with Professional Bodies

Subject is associated with the following Professional bodies:

v Indian Society of Remote Sensing (ISRS)

v Indian Meteorological Society (IMS)

v Astronautical Society of India (ASI)

v Indian Society of Geomatics (ISG)

v Space Society of Mechanical Engineers (SSME)

v Institute of Electrical and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE)

v Indian National Cartographic Association (NCA)

v International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS)

LEARNING CENTRE:

Remote Sensing and GIS

INTRODUCTION

Remote Sensing is the science of making inferences about material objects from measurements, made at a distance, without coming into physical contact with the objects under study. When viewed in this context, any force field - gravity, magnetic, electromagnetic could be used for remote sensing, covering various disciplines from astronomy to laboratory testing of materials. However, currently the term remote sensing is used more commonly to denote identification of earth features by detecting the characteristic electromagnetic radiation that is reflected and or emitted by the earth surface. Every object reflects/scatters a portion of the electromagnetic energy incident on it depending upon its physical properties. In addition objects emit radiation depending on their temperature and emissivity. If they study the reflectance/emittance of any object at different wavelengths, they get a reflectance/emittance pattern which is characteristic of that object - this is called ‘Spectral signature’. It is like finger prints. Just as they are able to use the finger prints to identify a person, the spectral signatures enable, in principle, to identify the objects.

Visual perception of objects is the best example of remote sensing. They see an object by the light reflected from the object falling on the human eye. Here, eye is the sensor and the nervous system carries information to the brain, which interprets the information in terms of the identification and location of the objects seen. Modern remote sensing is an extension of this natural phenomenon. However, apart from visible light, the electromagnetic radiation extending from the ultraviolet to the far infrared (IR) and the microwave regions are also used for remote sensing of the earth resources. Though the remote sensing techniques were first used operationally for meteorological applications, the present paper emphasises earth resources applications.

A remote sensing system consists of a sensor to collect the radiation and a platform - an aircraft, balloon, rocket, satellite or even a ground-based sensor-supporting stand - on which a sensor can be mounted. The information received by the sensor is suitably manipulated and transported back to the earth - may be telemetered as in the case of unmanned spacecraft, or brought back through films, magnetic tapes, etc as in aircraft or manned spacecraft systems. The data are reformatted and processed on the ground to produce either photographs, or computer compatible magnetic tapes (CCT). The photographs/CCTs are interpreted visually/digitally to produce thematic maps and other resources information.

Geographical Information system - Concepts

INTRODUCTION

Optimal management of natural resources require the attention for balancing the needs against the possibility of endangering the environment irreversibly. Such a system primarily requires systematic, detailed, reliable and accurate, timely information on the extent and spatial distribution of various natural resources, socio-economic, demographic patterns and cultural structures of the inhabitants. The data collected on different aspects of the natural resources has to be translated into useful information and converted into user defined formats. Lastly, there will be a need to aggregate this information according to administrative and natural resource units. The experiences gained regarding the existing natural resource information system in different fields of development clearly bring out the fact of several short comings in regard to acquisition of statistics, processing, generation of graphic outputs and their storing. Infact, this short coming acts as serious predicament for efficient and meaningful planning including implementation of programmes and monitoring of development. It is in this context GIS will play a major role by providing linkage between the information domain and the technologies available for natural resources development and management. Hence, Geograpgical Information System (GIS) is a particular form of Information System that is applied to geographical data. An Information System is a set of processes, executed on raw data, to produce information which will be useful in decision-making. Therefore an information system must have a full range of functions to achieve its purpose, including observation, measurement, description, explanation, forecasting and decision-making. Before going into the details of GIS, let them understand some of the spatial concepts related to the geographical features on the earth's surface

OVERVIEW

Space Applications Centre (SAC) is one of the major centres of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). SAC focuses on the design of space-borne instruments for ISRO missions and development and operationalization of applications of space technology for societal benefits. The applications cover communication, broadcasting, navigation, disaster monitoring, meteorology, oceanography, environment monitoring and natural resources survey. SAC designs and develops all the transponders for the INSAT and GSAT series of communication satellites and the optical and microwave sensors for IRS series of remote sensing satellites. Further, SAC develops the ground transmit/receive systems (earth stations/ground terminals) and data/image processing systems. In order to carry out the above tasks, SAC has highly sophisticated payload integration laboratories, electronic and mechanical fabrication facilities, environmental test facilities, systems reliability/assurance group, image processing and analysis facilities, project management support group and a well-stocked library. SAC works with industry for sourcing and indigenization involves Indian universities in space research and propagates space technology and applications amongst students and public through in-house and mobile exhibitions. The Centre also conducts nine-month post graduate diploma courses for students from the Asia Pacific region under the aegis of the Centre for Space Science and Technology Education (CSSTEAP) in satellite meteorology and communication.

The Centre has its origin in the establishment of the Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES), in 1966 by late Dr. Vikram Sarabhai in Ahmedabad.

Satellite Communications Technology and Applications

Payload development activity at SAC was started with the India’s first experimental communication satellite APPLE. Since then SAC has involved in the Conceptualization, design and development of advanced communication systems. About 38 transponders are added to the INSAT fleet in the last year. GSAT-14, Navigation payloads IRNSS-1A and 1B were developed and delivered. GSAT-14 communications satellite has the domestic communications capacity at Extended C and Ku-Bands. It will also carry two Ka Band beacons for propagation studies. IRNSS-1A will provide time and position signals across the Indian subcontinent and ocean region, enabling these services on a completely indigenous footing. Assembly, Integration and delivery of payloads for INSAT-3DR, GSAT-15, GSAT-16 and IRNSS-1C are in progress. New technologies like ETM Rubidium Atomic clock, Optical terminal for 1 GPS Link, Establishment of SAC-Bopal Free Space Optical link and System engineering for advanced communication payloads were developed.

In the area of antenna systems, SAC has developed various types of antenna systems like large Cassegrain antenna systems with tracking feed, short back fire antenna systems for earth stations, antennas of different sizes and for various frequencies for INSAT and GSAT satellites, multi frequency scanning antenna systems for Oceansat-1, slotted array fan-beam antenna for airborne radar systems, shaped beam antennas etc. SAC has also established a state-of-the-art Compact Antenna Test Facility (CATF). All the antennae and feed systems for the payloads under SATCOM, Navigation, Microwave remote sensing was realized and developed indigenously.

Beginning with the establishment of the first Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES) in 1966 at SAC to Maitri in Antarctica, SAC has built many earth stations including the one at the Master Control Facility at Hassan. Delhi Earth Station (DES) provides Type-D and Type-C INSAT Mobile Satellite Services, DMS VPN network services and Ka/Ku-band propagation studies. BES–Bopal Earth Station facility at Bopal SAC Campus caters to EUMETCAST and VHRR data reception from INSAT series of Satellites. Ahmedabad Earth Station (AES) is mainly involved in SATCOM based operations and Experiments including Special events at SAC main campus and Bopal campus through BES. It supports Space-Net based Video Conferencing Facility, VHRR data reception, SATCOM course under CSSTEAP.

SAC has undertaken a major applications project viz., EDUSAT applications Project for country-wide education via satellite. More than 33000 installations of user terminals for tele-education are operational in the country. SAC is also pursuing Telemedicine and extending communication support for Disaster management in the country.

Remote Sensing Technology Development

SAC plays a very important role in the Remote Sensing programme. Payload development was started with balloon experiments followed by aerial photography for remote sensing. In the last 25 years there is significant development in the Optical, mechanical and electronic systems. Several sensors were flown on all the IRS series of satellites starting from the first operational satellite IRS-1A.

Meteorological satellite INSAT 3D has a six-channel imaging radiometer to sense radiant and reflected solar energy and an IR radiometer for sensing atmospheric vertical temperature, moisture profiles, surface and cloud top temperature distribution.

Resourcesat-2, a follow on mission for the Resourcesat-1, payloads LISS-4, AWIFS A and B and LISS-3* cameras were developed and qualified at SAC is configured to provide continuity of data with enhanced performance.

Youthsat is proposed to study the solar activities and its effect on earth upper atmosphere contain a Limb Viewing Hyper Spectral Imager (LiVHySI) developed by SAC. Three Electro-optical instruments: Terrain Mapping Camera-2 (TMC-2, Imaging IR Spectrometer (IIRS) and Rover Imager are being developed for Chandrayaan-2 mission. INSAT-3DR and S are follow-on to INSAT-3D and its subsystem developments are in progress. SAC is responsible for design and development of Detection systems of Adithya-1, the Science and Planetary satellite. Integration and payload development of MARS Mission is in final stage.

Over the last almost three decades, Microwave Remote Sensing (MRS) programme has evolved in SAC. From the modest beginning of development of SAMIR payloads for Bhaskara series of satellites for scientific understanding, payloads like MSMR and Scatterometers have been designed for providing operational services of atmospheric and oceanographic applications. At the same time, ISRO initiated collaborative development of payloads, like Megha-Tropiques (joint Indo-French collaboration between ISRO and CNES), with established space agencies, to consolidate expertise available in the development of complex technologies. Megha-Tropiques has 3 payloads: MADRAS (Microwave Analysis and Detection of Rain and Atmospheric Structures), SAPHIR, and SCARAB is used for climate studies in tropical regions with a repetivity of 6 hours. Ku-band Scatterometer, onboard Oceansat-II (2009) is aimed to gather information about the near surface winds over oceans at a global level and feed to global weather forecasting system. DMSAR – Airborne SAR for Disaster Management was developed with operational requirement in view. Recently an improved DMSAR Version-2 has been tested and delivered to NRSC, Hyderabad. Radar Imaging Satellite-1 (RISAT-1), carrying India’s first indigenously developed space-borne, C-Band active antenna based, Multi-mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload was launched on 26th April, 2012 by PSLV-C19 flight. Since the start of payload operation on May 1, 2012, SAR images of good quality have been continuously received. Target applications for RISAT-1 include agricultural crop acreage and yield estimates (Rice, Jute etc.), disaster monitoring like flood affected area estimation, hydrology, geology, land use, terrain studies, change detection and oceanography, bathymetry, wave spectra, etc. Work is initiated for Scatterometer Repeat (Scatsat-1/Oceansat-3) and RISAT-1A SAR Repeat missions.

Remote Sensing – Image Processing and Applications

SAC has been developing the algorithms and the software required for processing and product generation of data acquired from IRS satellites. It involves the design, development, operationalization and maintenance of software for remote sensing data processing related to earth, planetary and astronomical observations for Indian as well as International user community. The software is transferred to NRSC, Hyderabad for operational dissemination of data products to users.

RISAT-1, Scatterometer, Meghatropiques, YOUTHSAT, OCM-2 Data Products Generation softwares and FASAL-SOFT (SAR component) operationalised at MNCFC, Delhi. Resourcesat-2 DP software was operationalized at NRSC in IMGEOS environment from August, 2011 to provide high quality data products to remote sensing application users. Developed & Installed Level-1 DP software & Quick Look Display at ISSDC and Level-2 software at MOSDAC for all MADRAS, SAPHIR & SCARAB payloads of Megha-Tropiques satellite and achieved near real time processing capability for data products generation. IMDPS—INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System software has been indigenously designed, developed, installed and commissioned at IMD, New Delhi and the Mirror Site at BES, Bopal, SAC. Oceansat-2 scatterometer DP processing software operationalised at MOSDAC.

RISAT-1 Level-1 and 2 data products software was operationalised in October 2012.

In the area of remote sensing applications, SAC aims at identifying Earth Observational (EO) needs, development of techniques to model and analyse data for applications related to land, ocean, atmospheric and planetary sciences. It involves retrieval of biophysical and geophysical parameters from space borne imaging sensors, assimilation of remote sensing derived parameters, in-process modelling pertaining to interactions within the geosphere-biosphere system and atmosphere.

SAC has established the methodology for pre-harvest estimation of production of major crops like wheat, rice, cotton, mustard etc. This has led to establishment of multi-agency FASAL project for production forecast of major crops. Methodology has been developed for estimation of Kharif rice production using radar data. SAC developed the methodology for potential fishing zone forecasts using OCM and other satellite data and this has led to operational services for fishermen of maritime states. Glaciers of Himalayas have been studied systematically over the last decade and information on status of snow cover and inventory of glaciers is provided to the concerned ministries. Methodology for tracking cyclones has been developed and used for predicting the direction of movement and land falls for cyclones like Gonu, Nargis etc. Various algorithms have also been developed to derive ocean parameters like sea surface temperature, wind speed, wave heights etc. as well as atmospheric parameters such as water vapour, cloud liquid water content etc. A facility to disseminate meteorology and oceanography data to interested users has been established. A major thrust is being provided to the utilization of microwave data in view of their ability to see through the clouds.

SAC was instrumental in setting up the Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC) under the DAC, MOA in April, 2012 in the Pusa campus, New Delhi.

Fabrication and Test Facilities

In order to competently support the research and development activities, SAC has established excellent electronic and mechanical fabrication and test facilities. New Technologies/Process development activities in the areas of Antenna, Electronic and Mechanical Services and Support have been taken up to cater the need of future payloads requirements.

Four new laboratories were setup at SAC Bopal Campus. Installation and commissioning of curing chamber for PAAF under technical support of CTSD completed and chamber operationalised. TIMCD labs becomes first to get 2nd time NABL accredition amongst ISRO units (valid till June 2014). Installation & commissioning of upgradation of CATF for mm-waves completed.

Systems Reliability

A strong Systems Reliability group recognizes need for continuous update of tools, techniques and procedures to be employed for assuring quality and reliability of increasingly complex and miniaturized payloads with very aggressive development schedule.

Library and Information services

SAC has a well-stocked library to support the R&D activities. Most of the functions are computerized and connected through the campus-wide network called SACNET to facilitate the users. Library also provides bibliographic and current awareness services.

Projects and Programme Management

To ensure advanced R&D activities and time bound projects with large budgets are executed systematically a management support group is established for project planning and monitoring. In addition, the functions related to patents and IPR filing, technology transfer and industrial interface, human resources development, management information systems, networks planning and operations as well as managing the IT facilities are carried out by a dedicated group.

CMT REPORT (Corruption, Money Laundering & Terrorism]

The Public Notice information has been collected from various sources including but not limited to: The Courts, India Prisons Service, Interpol, etc.

1] INFORMATION ON DESIGNATED PARTY

No exist designating subject or any of its beneficial owners, controlling shareholders or senior officers as terrorist or terrorist organization or whom notice had been received that all financial transactions involving their assets have been blocked or convicted, found guilty or against whom a judgement or order had been entered in a proceedings for violating money-laundering, anti-corruption or bribery or international economic or anti-terrorism sanction laws or whose assets were seized, blocked, frozen or ordered forfeited for violation of money laundering or international anti-terrorism laws.

2] Court Declaration :

No exist to suggest that subject is or was the subject of any formal or informal allegations, prosecutions or other official proceeding for making any prohibited payments or other improper payments to government officials for engaging in prohibited transactions or with designated parties.

3] Asset Declaration :

No records exist to suggest that the property or assets of the subject are derived from criminal conduct or a prohibited transaction.

4] Record on Financial Crime :

Charges or conviction registered against subject: None

5] Records on Violation of Anti-Corruption Laws :

Charges or investigation registered against subject: None

6] Records on Int’l Anti-Money Laundering Laws/Standards :

Charges or investigation registered against subject: None

7] Criminal Records

No available information exist that suggest that subject or any of its principals have been formally charged or convicted by a competent governmental authority for any financial crime or under any formal investigation by a competent government authority for any violation of anti-corruption laws or international anti-money laundering laws or standard.

8] Affiliation with Government :

No record exists to suggest that any director or indirect owners, controlling shareholders, director, officer or employee of the company is a government official or a family member or close business associate of a Government official.

9] Compensation Package :

Our market survey revealed that the amount of compensation sought by the subject is fair and reasonable and comparable to compensation paid to others for similar services.

10] Press Report :

No press reports / filings exists on the subject.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

MIRA INFORM as part of its Due Diligence do provide comments on Corporate Governance to identify management and governance. These factors often have been predictive and in some cases have created vulnerabilities to credit deterioration.

Our Governance Assessment focuses principally on the interactions between a company’s management, its Board of Directors, Shareholders and other financial stakeholders.

CONTRAVENTION

Subject is not known to have contravened any existing local laws, regulations or policies that prohibit, restrict or otherwise affect the terms and conditions that could be included in the agreement with the subject.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES

Currency	Unit	Indian Rupees
US Dollar	1	Rs.61.67
UK Pound	1	Rs.100.64
Euro	1	Rs.84.25

INFORMATION DETAILS

Information Gathered by :	JML

Report Prepared by :	NIT

RATING EXPLANATIONS

RATING		STATUS	PROPOSED CREDIT LINE
>86	Aaa	Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the strongest capability for timely payment of interest and principal sums	Unlimited
71-85	Aa	Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for credit transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of interest and principal sums	Large
56-70	A	Financial & operational base are regarded healthy. General unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory capability for payment of interest and principal sums	Fairly Large
41-55	Ba	Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal commitments.	Satisfactory
26-40	B	Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively below average.	Small
11-25	Ca	Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and principal sums in default or expected to be in default upon maturity	Limited with full security
<10	C	Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be exercised	Credit not recommended
--	NB	New Business	--

PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL : This information is provided to you at your request, you having employed MIPL for such purpose. You will use the information as aid only in determining the propriety of giving credit and generally as an aid to your business and for no other purpose. You will hold the information in strict confidence, and shall not reveal it or make it known to the subject persons, firms or corporations or to any other. MIPL does not warrant the correctness of the information as you hold it free of any liability whatsoever. You will be liable to and indemnify MIPL for any loss, damage or expense, occasioned by your breach or non observance of any one, or more of these conditions

This report is issued at your request without any risk and responsibility on the part of MIRA INFORM PRIVATE LIMITED (MIPL) or its officials.

MIRA INFORM REPORT

Group Director, ASG

Unit