MIRA INFORM REPORT

 

 

Report Date :

09.10.2013

 

IDENTIFICATION DETAILS

 

Name :

BIGDIL SARL

 

 

Registered Office :

149 Avenue Mohamed V ‑ Gueliz, Marrakech

 

 

Country :

Morocco

 

 

Financials (as on) :

31.12.2012

 

 

Date of Incorporation :

2000

 

 

Com. Reg. No.:

14537

 

 

Legal Form :

Societe A Responsibilite Limitee

 

 

Line of Business :

Wholesale of watches and jewellery

 

 

No. of Employees :

135

 

RATING & COMMENTS

 

MIRA’s Rating :

Ba

 

RATING

STATUS

PROPOSED CREDIT LINE

41-55

Ba

Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal commitments.

Satisfactory

 

Status :

Satisfactory

 

 

Payment Behaviour :

No Complaints

 

 

Litigation :

Clear

 

NOTES:

Any query related to this report can be made on e-mail: infodept@mirainform.com while quoting report number, name and date.

 

ECGC Country Risk Classification List – March, 31st, 2013

 

Country Name

Previous Rating

(31.12.2012)

Current Rating

(31.03.2013)

Morocco

A2

A2

 

Risk Category

ECGC Classification

Insignificant

 

A1

Low

 

A2

Moderate

 

B1

High

 

B2

Very High

 

C1

Restricted

 

C2

Off-credit

 

D

 

 

MOROCCO - ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

 

Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to build a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. In the 1980s Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although a poor harvest and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown in 2012. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable 40% of electricity output by 2020. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the United States in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the European Union in 2008. Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. In 2011 and 2012, high prices on fuel - which is subsidized and almost entirely imported - strained the government''s budget and widened the country''s current account deficit. Key economic challenges for Morocco include fighting corruption and reforming the education system, the judiciary, and the government''s costly subsidy program.

 

Source : CIA

 


company name

 

BIGDIL SARL

 

Rating Briefing

 

Definition:        FAIR CREDIT QUALITY

 

Payment Record:         UNDETERMINED

 

This rating is based on available data. In the event of additional information a possibility for a different rating applies.

 

Registration Briefing

 

Registration Number:   14537

Registration Date:        15/07/2002

Legal Form:                 SOCIETE A RESPONSIBILITE LIMITEE

Latest Financials:        December 31, 2012

 

Financial Briefing

 

Nominal Capital:          4,501,000 Moroccan Dirham

Issued Capital:             N/A

Turnover:                     33,631,468 Moroccan Dirham

Net Profit:                    1,200,033 Moroccan Dirham

Net Worth:                   10,537,699 Moroccan Dirham

 

 

Original Investigation Details

 

Company Name:            BIGDIL SARL

Country:                        MO

Street Name:                 75 QU INDUATRIEL SIDIL GHANEM

City Code:                     CASABLANCA

 

 

Company Details

 

Company Name:            BIGDIL SARL

Headquarter Address:     75 Quartier Industriel Sidi Ghanem,

Marrakech,

Morocco

 

Telephone:                    +212524 336158

+212524 336159

+212524 420854

 

Fax:                              +212524 336189

+212524 336935

E‑Mail:                          contact@bigdilmaroc.com

Web Site:                      www.bigdilmaroc.com

 

Company was originally started on 2000

 

 

Registration & Legal Details

 

Current Legal Form:                   SOCIETE A RESPONSIBILITE LIMITEE

Registration Address:                 149 Avenue Mohamed V ‑ Gueliz,

Marrakech

Registration Number:                  14537

Registration Date:                      15/07/2002

Year/Date Company Established:2000

Registration Town:                     Marrakech

Tax Registration Number:           01005010

 

 

Capital

 

Currency:                      Moroccan Dirham

Authorized Capital:         4,501,000

Paid Up Capital: 4,501,000

 

 

Authorized Capital Breakdown

 

Number of Shares:         45,010  Type of Shares:  None Selected

 

Issued Shares:              45,010  Value per share: MDH 100.00     Value of this type: 4,501,000.00

 

 

Shareholders / Owners

 

Parent Company:         Groupe SAHAM,

16, Rue Ali Abderrazak ‑ Ex Mirabeau,

Casablanca,

Morocco

% Shares Held:             83.00%

 

Shareholders:

 

Name/Other Information  Shares Held      % of Voting/Non‑Voting capital

Other Shareholders,    17.00% (VOTING)

Morocco

 

 

Principals

 

Name:                                       Mr Mohamed Mouhyi

Position within the company:      General Manager

Date of Birth:                             30/08/1960

Country of Birth:             Morocco

Nationality:                                Moroccan

Can fluently speak:                    Arabic & French

 

Name:                                       Mr Abdelkarim Belhaou

Position within the company:      Administration & Financial Manager

Additional Information:                Email : a.belhaou@gmail.com

Country of Birth:             Morocco

Nationality:                                Moroccan

Can fluently speak:                    Arabic & French

 

 

Company Activities

 

NACE Codes:    4648     Wholesale of watches and jewellery

 

BIGDIL is a jewelry & accessories franchise which specialises in sale of fashion accessories including necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings, watches, hair accessories, sunglasses...

 

Local Reporters consider the investigated company to be MEDIUM in their field of concern.

 

 

Operations

 

Employees       Company Employs: 135

 

HQ Premises    Operates from:   Offices

Location:           Central Business Area

 

 

Other Branches

 

Subject has numerous other branches nationally.

Number of Branches:      29

Additional Information:    Shops

 

 

 

Imports

 

Import % and type of product:     100% Finished Goods

Imports From:                            India, China, France

Importing Terms:                        Bank transfer

Additional Information:                Letters of credit

 

Brands: BIGDIL ‑

 

 

Exports

 

Export % and type of product:     Subject does not export

 

 

Trading & Selling

 

Territory:                       100% Nationally

Type of Customer:          General Public

 

Vehicles:                       Total number of vehicles:

5 cars

 

 

Related Companies

 

Subsidiaries

Affiliates

Information on Related Companies is not available/applicable

 

 

Bankers

 

Attijariwafa Bank,

Branch: Marrakech Marjane

Boulevard Abdelkarim El Khattabi, Route de Casablanca,

Marrakech,

Morocco

 

Société Générale,

Branch: Principale Marrakech

238 Avenue Mohamed V,

Marrakech,

Morocco

 

Banque Populaire,

Branch: Centre Toubkal

Résidence Les Jardins d'Ocre,

Avenue Mohamed VI,

Marrakech,

Morocco

 

 

Financial Information

 

Financial Interview Date: 07/10/2013

Source:                                     Mr. Abdelkarim Belhaou Financial Manager

Figures are:                               Official Figures

Currency:                                  Moroccan Dirham

 

Months             Sales Figures   Sales               Gross Profit/Loss          Net Profit/Loss

12                     31/12/2012        33,631,468       1,369,347                      1,200,033

12                     31/12/2011        38,786,502       1,676,803                      1,440,188

12                     31/12/2010        48,767,935       (23,041,767)                  (23,340,106)

12                     31/12/2009        52,797,474       382,527             105,562

 

 

Balance Sheet & Profit & Loss

 

BALANCE SHEET

 

 

As at:  31‑Dec‑2012

As at: 31‑Dec‑2011

As at: 31‑Dec‑2010

Fixed Assets

 

 

 

Land & Buildings

 

 

 

Plant & Machinery

81,442

36,078

153,769

Furniture & Equipment

4,225,952

4,736,113

6,551,059

Motor Vehicles

430

3,827

7,848

Misc. Fixed Assets

775,926

169,782

236,419

Total Fixed Assets

5,083,750

4,945,800

6,949,095

Financial Assets

 

 

 

Shares in Related Companies

67,500

37,500

3,837,400

Loans to related companies

 

 

 

Investments

 

 

 

Deposits

 

 

 

Misc. Financial Assets

598,467

199,063

280,963

Total Financial Assets

665,967

236,563

4,118,363

Intangibles

 

 

 

Goodwill

8,167,101

8,767,101

16,149,601

Organisational Expenses

46,637

82,126

193,367

Patents

63,177

219,506

470,493

Misc. Intangible Assets

 

 

 

Total Intangible Assets

8,276,915

9,068,733

16,813,461

Current Assets

 

 

 

Stock

23,569,804

19,237,097

12,252,587

Stock & Work in Progress

 

 

 

Trade Debtors & receivables

2,038,442

9,295,607

16,502,432

Provision for bad debs

 

 

 

Other receivables

7,078,147

8,413,591

16,589,263

Due from related companies

 

 

 

Owed by shareholders

 

 

 

Prepaid expenses

784,486

1,221,185

429,297

Cash

951,338

5,219,279

3,431,147

Tax recoverable

2,005,617

4,226,804

5,100,752

Marketable Securities

 

 

 

Misc. Current Assets

423,950

404,202

204,132

Total Current Assets

36,851,784

48,017,765

54,509,610

Total Assets

50,878,416

62,268,861

82,390,529

Owner's Equity & Liabilities

 

 

 

Issued and paid up capital

4,501,000

3,472,200

13,888,800

Share premium account

286,752

4,916,352

4,916,352

Retained earnings

1,087,639

‑3,953,350

9,132,416

Net profit/Loss for the year

1,200,033

1,440,188

‑23,340,106

Revaluation reserves

 

 

 

Legal Reserves

816,182

816,182

816,182

Other reserves

2,646,093

2,646,093

2,483,834

Net Worth

10,537,699

9,337,665

7,897,478

Deffered Taxation

 

 

 

Provisions/allowances

 

 

 

Mortgages/Loans

17,447,744

13,541,667

17,708,333

Hire purchase

 

 

 

Due to group of companies

 

 

 

Minority interest

 

 

 

Misc. deferred liabilities

 

 

 

Total Long Term Liabilities

17,447,744

13,541,667

17,708,333

Current Liabilities

 

 

 

Creditors

9,619,548

18,009,183

18,034,507

Other creditors

145,198

79,103

2,493

Accruals

412,783

 

 

Bank overdrafts/Loans

10,647,536

16,145,698

25,073,274

Misc. Loans

 

 

 

Directors accounts

 

 

 

Owing to shareholders

1,650,000

2,000,000

9,722,595

Owing to related companies

 

 

 

Proposed dividend

 

 

 

Long Term‑due 1 year

 

 

 

Hire Purchase‑under 1 year

 

 

 

Taxation

426,344

2,548,202

3,101,350

Advance receipts

2,281

4,916

 

Misc. Current Liabilities

402,066

602,427

437,716

Total Current Liabilities

22,892,973

39,389,529

56,784,718

Owner's Equity & Liabilities

50,878,416

62,268,861

82,390,529

 

PROFIT & LOSS

 

Figures are:

Fiscal Year

01/01/2012 to 31/12/2012

Figures are:

Fiscal Year

01/01/2011 to 31/12/2011

Figures are:

Fiscal Year

01/01/2010 to 31/12/2010

Total Income/Turnover

33,631,468

38,786,502

48,767,935

Cost of sales

12,227,835

14,464,278

27,922,605

 

 

 

 

Gross Profit/(Loss)

21,403,633

24,322,224

20,845,330

Admin/selling expenses

1,852,123

1,887,926

2,974,629

Services

7,256,030

9,614,674

15,330,090

Salaries

7,146,801

9,566,525

13,706,504

Auditors Fee

767,539

793,730

566,393

Stock Depreciation

 

 

 

Depreciation

1,421,709

2,061,906

2,602,489

Misc. Operating Expenses

193

211

 

Misc. Operating Income

97,614

233,863

3,359,507

Net Operating Profit/(Loss)

3,057,045

631,133

‑10,975,479

Interest Receivable/Finance Income

 

 

 

Group related income

 

 

 

Misc. Financial Income

1,752,713

26,195,995

11,549,579

Total Financial Income

1,752,713

26,195,995

11,549,579

Interest Payable/Finance costs

2,280,703

2,549,174

3,627,574

Misc. financial expenses

1,159,708

22,601,151

19,988,293

Total Financial Expenses

3,440,411

25,150,325

23,615,867

Profit/(Loss) before taxes

1,369,347

1,676,803

‑23,041,767

Income Tax

169,314

236,615

298,339

Other Tax

 

 

 

Profit/(Loss) after taxes

1,200,033

1,440,188

‑23,340,106

Extraordinary items

 

 

 

Exceptional items

 

 

 

Misc. Items

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Profit/(Loss)

1,200,033

1,440,188

‑23,340,106

 

 

 

 

Previous years retained earnings

 

 

 

Current years net income

1,200,033

1,440,188

 

Misc. additions in current year

 

 

 

Current years net loss

‑23,340,106

 

 

Dividends in current year

 

 

 

Withdrawals in current year

 

 

 

Misc. deductions in current year

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Retained earnings at end of

1,200,033

1,440,188

‑23,340,106

financial period

 

 

 

 

Average employees

 

Directors fee

Earnings per share

Earnings per share‑previous year

 

 

Auditors Comments

 

Date accounts obtained:          07/10/2013

Accounts obtained from:          Subject

 

Auditors Opinion:                     The audited financial statement gives a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the subject Financial Statements have been prepared on an on‑going basis.

Assuming support of: shareholders

 

 

FINANCIAL RATIOS / COMPARATIVE DATA

 

Actual Company                  Industrial Averages           Actual Company           Industrial Averages

                                        Results (2012)                         (2012)                         Results (2011)                         (2011)

  Liquidity Ratios

  Current Ratio                                                    1.61                                     1.43                                     1.22                                     1.63

  Acid Test Ratio                                                 0.58                                     0.96                                     0.73                                     1.05

  Accounts                                                            0.29                                     0.45                                     0.46                                     0.38

  Payable/Sales Ratio

  Current Liabilities/Net                                     2.17                                     2.80                                     4.22                                     2.27

  Worth

  Total Liabilities/Net                                          3.83                                     2.92                                     5.67                                     1.88

  Worth

  Fixed Assets/Net                                            48.24                                   13.26                                  52.97                                   18.00

  Worth (%)

 

  Profitability Ratios

  Gross Profit Ratio (%)                                   63.64                                   24.93                                  62.71                                   26.42

  Return on Capital                                             4.89                                   13.80                                     7.33                                   20.26

  Employed (ROCE)(%)

  Net Profit/Sales (%)                                         4.07                                     4.24                                     4.32                                     3.60

  Return on Assets (%)                                      2.69                                     5.51                                     2.69                                     5.03

 

  Efficiency Ratios

  Sales/Working Capital                                    2.41                                     9.75                                     4.50                                     8.42

  Assets/Sales(%)                                         151.28                                161.57                                160.54                                131.73

  Shareholders                                                 12.99                                   15.03                                  17.96                                   32.32

  Return(%)

  Average Inventory                                        638.89                                144.96                                397.31                                196.34

  Period

  Average Collection                                        61.50                                139.89                                121.39                                211.32

  Period

 

  Leverage Ratios

  Capital Employed                                          14.88                                     5.33                                144.22                                     5.69

  Capital Structure (%)                                     62.35                                   21.33                                  59.19                                   37.18

 

  Number of                                                                                                       477                                                                                   477

  Companies within the

  industry (NACE G)

  Statistics based on                                                       Wholesale and retail                                                    Wholesale and retail

  NACE(G)                                                                         trade;repair of motor                                                     trade;repair of motor

                                                                     vehicles and                                                                   vehicles and

                                                                     motorcycles                                                                    motorcycles

 

The statistical Industrial Average results are calculated against companies within the Rime database for the specific country.

 

INDUSTRY SECTOR COMPARATIVE DATA

 

        Elements Taken              Result for specific                    RANKING                Total Companies Used

                                                      company

DATE OF REGISTRATION                        15/07/2002                                    916                                  1486

TOTAL EMPLOYEES                                          135                                      60                                  1296

SALES (2012)                                            2,956,879                                      66                                    128

SALES (2011)                                            3,410,109                                    166                                    465

NET PROFIT (2012)                                      105,507                                      32                                     90

NET PROFIT (2011)                                      126,621                                    128                                    473

TOTAL ASSETS (2012)                              4,473,230                                      29                                     82

TOTAL ASSETS (2011)                              5,474,678                                    109                                    476

 

                                                                                                                                        Currency: EUROS

 

 

Rankings:

 

The results given below are calculated against companies with the Rime Database for the specific country.

 

Scale: 1 is the highest result found in our database.

Example: Ranking 5: Total Companies used to generate the Ranking : 20

This means that this company is the 5th largest company out of 20 found in our database in the specific industry

 

 

Charts of Financial Trends and Industry Comparisons

 

PLEASE NOTE THAT CHARTS ARE SHOWN IN EUROS FOR TREND AND COMPARISON PURPOSES

 

The statistical Industrial Average results are calculated against companies within the Rime database for the

specific country.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Payments

 

Subject's payments reported to be:          UNDETERMINED

 

 

 

Representation

 

Other Comments

 

Other Comments:          Patent : 46235752

 

 

Interview & Reporter Comments

 

Name/Title:                    Mr. Abdelkarim Belhaou Financial Manager

Comment:                     Subject has confirmed the general details shown in the report.

 

Reporter Comment:        All legal forms in Morocco are obliged by law to be registered with the Registry Office (OMPIC :Office Marocain De La Propriete Industrielle Et Commerciale) which is publicly available.

 

Subject was found registered and Information obtained from above official source is as follows :

 

Registered name / registration number / date of registration  / registered address / legal form / capital / main principals – administrators.

 

Any other data stated in the report was obtained directly from the subject company and/or other publicly available information. Therefore it should be used as a point of reference as it is not possible to verify such data with official sources.

 

 

Conclusions

 

Local Reputation:           The company being investigated is considered by local reporters to be a Fair / Normal

Trade Risk.

 

General Conclusion:       Local informants consider granting of credit to be a fair trade risk.

 

Financial Results Trend: Financial Information indicates that the business activities of the company are

declining in strength.

 

Age of Business:           The company is long established in the local market.

 

 

Country Intelligence Information

 

Country:           Morocco

Date:                20/08/2013  00:00:00

Source:            "Economist Intelligence Unit" ‑ The Economist

 

Risk:                 Last Updated: 07/08/2013

 

Sovereign risk

 

Morocco’s fiscal account will remain deeply in deficit, owing to high recurrent expenditure on subsidies and wages. With new lending available on reasonable terms, much of it concessional, and a slight improvement in the country's external position, debt‑service payments will remain manageable.

 

Currency risk

 

The current exchange‑rate system—a managed float—will be maintained, with the Moroccan dirham weakening slightly in 2013 against a stronger euro. A US$6.2bn precautionary credit line from the IMF in 2012 and a US$1.5bn bond issuance in December 2012, which has boosted foreign reserves, will increase confidence in the dirham.

 

Banking sector risk

 

The banking sector has benefited from prudential regulation, relatively low levels of non‑performing loans and limited direct foreign exposure. But heavy government borrowing from the banks to fund a large fiscal deficit will remain a concern. The government is keen to widen Islamic finance options.

 

Political risk

 

The government will maintain high public spending in the short term to quell political and social protests over unemployment, corruption and poverty. Tensions over the disputed territory of Western Sahara may also lead to violent demonstrations, but a military conflict is unlikely.

 

Economic structure risk

 

A reliance on agriculture leaves the economy vulnerable to adverse weather conditions. The fiscal and external deficits fluctuate in line with movements in commodity prices and external performance is heavily dependent on European demand.

 

 


DIAMOND INDUSTRY – INDIA

 

-            From time immemorial, India is well known in the world as the birthplace for diamonds.  It is difficult to trace the origin of diamonds but history says that in the remote past, diamonds were mined only in India. Diamond production in India can be traced back to almost 8th Century B.C.  India, in fact, remained undisputed leader till 18th Century when Brazilian fields were discovered in 1725 followed by emergence of S. Africa, Russia and Australia.

-            The achievement of the Indian diamond industry was possible only due to combination of the manufacturing skills of the Indian workforce and the untiring and unflagging efforts of the Indian diamantaires, supported by progressive Government policies.

-            The area of study of family owned diamond businesses derives its importance from the huge conglomerate of family run organizations which operate in the diamond industry since many generations.

-            Some of the basic traits of family run business enterprises include spirit of entrepreneurship, mutual trust lowers transaction costs, small, nimble and quick to react, information as a source of advantage and philanthropy.

-            Family owned diamond businesses need to improve on many fronts including higher standard of corporate governance, long-term performance – focused strategies, modern management and technology.

-            Utmost caution is to be exercised while dealing with some medium and large diamond traders which are usually engaged in fictitious import – export, inter-company transactions, financially assisted by banks. In the process, several public sector banks lost several hundred million rupees. They mostly diverted borrowed money for diamond business into real estate and capital markets.

-            Excerpts from Times of India dated 30th October 2010 is as under –

 

-            Gem & Jewellery Export Promotion Council in its statistical data has shown the export of polished diamonds to have increase by 28 % in February 2013. Compared to $ 1.4 bn worth of polished diamond export in February, 2012, India exported $ 1.84 billion worth of polished diamonds in February 2013. A senior executive of GJEPC said, “Export of cut and polished diamonds started falling month-wise after the imposition of 2 % of import duty on the polished diamonds. But February, 2013 has given a new ray of hope to the industry as the export of polished diamonds has actually increased by 28 %. It means the industry  is on the track of recovery and round tripping of diamonds has stopped completely.” Demand has started coming from the US, the UK, Japan and China. India’s polished diamond export is expected to cross $ 21 bn in 2013-14.

 

-            The banking sector has started exercising restraint while following prudent risk management norms when lending money to gems and jewellery sector. This follows the implementation of Basel III accord – a global voluntary regulatory standard on bank capital adequacy, stress testing and market liquidity.

 


 

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES

 

Currency

Unit

Indian Rupees

US Dollar

1

Rs.61.69

UK Pound

1

Rs.99.20

Euro

1

Rs.83.69

 

 

INFORMATION DETAILS

 

Report Prepared by :

SDA

 

 

RATING EXPLANATIONS

 

RATING

STATUS

 

 

PROPOSED CREDIT LINE

>86

Aaa

Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the strongest capability for timely payment of interest and principal sums

 

Unlimited

71-85

Aa

Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for credit transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of interest and principal sums

 

Large

56-70

A

Financial & operational base are regarded healthy. General unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory capability for payment of interest and principal sums

 

Fairly Large

41-55

Ba

Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal commitments.

 

Satisfactory

26-40

B

Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively below average.

 

Small

11-25

Ca

Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and principal sums in default or expected to be in default upon maturity

 

Limited with full security

<10

C

Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be exercised

 

 

Credit not recommended

----

NB

New Business

----

 

This score serves as a reference to assess SC’s credit risk and to set the amount of credit to be extended. It is calculated from a composite of weighted scores obtained from each of the major sections of this report. The assessed factors and their relative weights (as indicated through %) are as follows:

 

Financial condition (40%)            Ownership background (20%)                 Payment record (10%)

Credit history (10%)                    Market trend (10%)                                Operational size (10%)

PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL : This information is provided to you at your request, you having employed MIPL for such purpose. You will use the information as aid only in determining the propriety of giving credit and generally as an aid to your business and for no other purpose. You will hold the information in strict confidence, and shall not reveal it or make it known to the subject persons, firms or corporations or to any other. MIPL does not warrant the correctness of the information as you hold it free of any liability whatsoever. You will be liable to and indemnify MIPL for any loss, damage or expense, occasioned by your breach or non observance of any one, or more of these conditions

This report is issued at your request without any risk and responsibility on the part of MIRA INFORM PRIVATE LIMITED (MIPL) or its officials.