MIRA INFORM REPORT

 

 

Report Date :

03.07.2014   

 

IDENTIFICATION DETAILS

 

Name :

JAGOTA [THAILAND] CO., LTD.

 

 

Registered Office :

Suite  1406-7,  14th  Floor,  42  Tower,  65 Sukhumvit  42  Road,   Prakanong,  Klongtoey,  Bangkok  10110, 

 

 

Country :

Thailand

 

 

Financials (as on) :

31.12.2013

 

 

Date of Incorporation :

17.08.1999

 

 

Com. Reg. No.:

0105542060152

 

 

Legal Form :

Private Limited Company

 

 

Line of Business :

Subject is engaged in  importing  and  distributing  wide  range  of  food  products  including  fresh  & dry  foods  and  frozen  seafood

 

 

No. of Employees

20

 

RATING & COMMENTS

 

MIRA’s Rating :

Ba

 

RATING

STATUS

PROPOSED CREDIT LINE

41-55

Ba

Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal commitments.

Satisfactory

 

Status :

Satisfactory

Payment Behaviour :

No complaints

Litigation :

Clear

 

NOTES :

Any query related to this report can be made on e-mail : infodept@mirainform.com while quoting report number, name and date.

 

ECGC Country Risk Classification List – March 31, 2014

 

Country Name

Previous Rating

(31.12.2013)

Current Rating

(31.03.2014)

Thailand

B1

B1

 

Risk Category

ECGC Classification

Insignificant

 

A1

Low Risk

 

A2

Moderate Low Risk

 

B1

Moderate Risk

 

B2

Moderate High Risk

 

C1

High Risk

 

C2

Very High Risk

 

D

 

 


 

THAILAND ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

 

 

Source : CIA

 


Company name and address

 

JAGOTA [THAILAND]  CO., LTD.

 

 

SUMMARY

 

BUSINESS  ADDRESS                          :           SUITE  1406-7,  14th  FLOOR,  42  TOWER,

65    SUKHUMVIT  42  ROAD, 

PRAKANONG,  KLONGTOEY, 

BANGKOK  10110,  THAILAND

TELEPHONE                                        :           [66]   2712-3266-75

FAX                                                      :           [66]   2712-3276-7

E-MAIL  ADDRESS                               :           contact_bangkok@jagota.com

REGISTRATION  ADDRESS                  :           SAME  AS  BUSINESS  ADDRESS

ESTABLISHED                                    :           1999

REGISTRATION  NO.                           :           0105542060152  [Former  :  959/2542]

TAX  ID  NO.                                         :           3021044305

CAPITAL REGISTERED                        :           BHT.  2,000,000

CAPITAL PAID-UP                                :           BHT.  2,000,000

SHAREHOLDER’S  PROPORTION        :           THAI     :    100%

FISCAL YEAR CLOSING DATE             :           DECEMBER  31             

LEGAL  STATUS                                  :           PRIVATE  LIMITED  COMPANY

EXECUTIVE                                         :           MR.  ANAND  JAGOTA,  THAI

                                                                        MANAGING  DIRECTOR           

NO.  OF  STAFF                                   :           20

LINES  OF  BUSINESS                         :           FOOD  PRODUCTS

                                                                        IMPORTER  AND  DISTRIBUTOR

                                                                         

 

CORPORATE PROFILE

 

OPERATING  TREND                            :           STABLE                       

PRESENT  SITUATION                         :           OPERATING  NORMALLY                     

REPUTATION                                       :           GOOD  WITH  NORMAL  BUSINESS  ENGAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT  STANDARD                 :           MANAGEMENT  WITH  GOOD  PERFORMANCE                       

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

HISTORY

 

The  subject  was  established  on  August  17,  1999  as  a  private  limited  company  under  the  name  style  JAGOTA  [THAILAND]  CO.,  LTD.  by  Thai  groups.  Its  business  objective  is  to  import  and  distribute  wide  range  of  food  products  to  domestic  market.  It  currently  employs  20  staff.  

 

The  subject’s  registered  address  is  Suite  1406-7,  14th  Flr.,  42  Tower,  65  Sukhumvit  42 Rd.,  Prakanong,  Klongtoey,  Bangkok  10110,  and  this  is  the  subject’s  current  operation  address.   

 

THE  BOARD  OF  DIRECTOR

 

     Name

 

Nationality

Age

 

 

 

 

Mr. Anand  Jagota

 

Thai

42

Mr. Gopal  Jagota

 

Thai

38

Mr. Asoke  Jagota

 

Thai

66

 

AUTHORIZED  PERSON

 

Only  Mr. Anand  Jagota  can  sign  on  behalf  of  the  subject  with  company’s  affixed.

 

MANAGEMENT

 

Mr.  Anand  Jagota   is  the  Managing  Director.

He  is  Thai  nationality  with  the  age  of  42  years  old.  

 

Mr.  Gopal  Jagota   is  the  Business  Development  Manager.

He  is  Thai  nationality  with  the  age  of  38  years  old.  

 

Ms. Natnicha  Pluamthanom  is  the  Human  Resources  Manager.

She  is  Thai  nationality.  

 

 

BUSINESS OPERATIONS

 

The subject is engaged in  importing  and  distributing  wide  range  of  food  products  including  fresh  & dry  foods  and  frozen  seafood   with  over  700  product  items  as  the  followings:

 

Products                                      Brands

 

Premium  Seafood                   :  “Clear  Water”,  “Lee  Fish”,  “Clean  Seas”,  “Fish  Monger”

- Fresh  fishes,  fresh  shell  fish,  frozen  seafood  and Salmon  

 

Premium  Meats

- Beef                                       :  “Cobdabri”

- Veal & Lamb               :  “Rose”

- Pork                                       :  “Kurobuta”,  “Sunny  Day”

 

Mediteranean  Products

- Pasta, olive,  balsamic  and  vinegar, cured  meats

 

Bakeries & Pastries                  :  “Felchlin”,  “Callebaut”,  “CSM”,  “Hiestan”

- Chocolate,  nuts,  whipping  cream, bakery  ingredients, frozen  bakery, fruit  pie  fillings

  and glazes

 

Snacks

- Potato  products  and poultry  products

 

Dairy  Products                        :  “Fromi”,  “Unilac”,  “Xavier  David”

- Premium  Cheese

 

Vegetable & Fruits                    :  “Dirafrost”

 

Japanese  Foods

- Crab  stick & Oden,  Sushi  

 

PURCHASE

 

60%  of  the  products  is  imported  from  Italy,  Japan,  Switzerland,  Korea, Germany, 

United  States  of  America,  Spain,  France,  Australia,  Belgium,  Republic of  China,

Hong  Kong,  India  and  Indonesia,  the  remaining  40%  is  purchased  from  local  suppliers.

 

MAJOR  SUPPLIERS

 

Jagota  Brother  Trading  Co.,  Ltd.                    :  Thailand

Max  Felchlin  AG.                                             :  Switzerland

Hilltop  Ranch  Inc.                                            :  United  States  of  America

Bakemark                                                          :  Germany

Kibun  Co.,  Ltd.                                                            :  Japan

Callebaut  N.V.                                                  :  Belgium

Dirafrosa  Frozen  Fruit  Industry  N.V.                :  Belgium

 

SALES 

 

100% of  the  products  is  sold  locally  by  wholesale  to  traders  and  end-users,  mainly  supply to hotel,  Italian & Japanese  restaurant,  food & beverage,  bakery & catering  business,  hypermarket,  supermarket  and  mini-mart, such as Tops  Supermarket,  Makro,  Villa  Market,  Aeon  Mall,  The  Mall  Department  Store,  Siam  Paragon  Department  Store,  The  Emporium  Department  Store,  Big C  SuperCenter  and etc.

 

RELATED  AND  AFFILIATED  COMPANIES

 

Jagota  Brother  Trading  Co.,  Ltd.

Business  Type  :  Importer  and  distributor  of  food  products

 

Jagota  Samui  Co.,  Ltd.

Business  Type  :  Warehouse  service

 

 

LITIGATION

 

Bankruptcy  and  Receivership

 

There  are  no  litigation  on  bankruptcy  and  receivership  cases  filed  against  the  subject  found  at  Legal  Execution  Department  for  the  past  five  years.

 

Others

 

There  are  no  legal  suits  filed  against  the  subject  for  the  past  two  years.

 

 

CREDIT  

 

Sales  are  by  cash  or  on  the  credits  term  of  30-60  days.

Local  bills  are  paid  by  cash  or  on  the  credits  term  of  30-60  days.

Imports  are  L/C  at  sight  or  T/T.

 

BANKING

 

Bangkok  Bank  Public  Co.,  Ltd.

 

EMPLOYMENT

 

The  subject  employs  approximately  20  staff.  

 

LOCATION  DETAILS

 

The  premise  is  rented  for  administrative  office  at  the  heading  address.  Premise  is  located  in a  prime  commercial  area.

 

 

COMMENT

 

Subject  is  an  importer and  distributor  of  various  kinds  of  food  products. They  are  mainly  served  to consumer markets such  as  end-users,  hotel  and  restaurant. Despite  current  domestic  consumption  is  slow,  and consumers’ spending  is  limited  caused  by  economic  slowdown  from  political  turmoil,  the  subject  still  maintains  its  active  business.


 

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

The  capital  was  registered  at  Bht. 2,000,000  divided  into  20,000  shares  of  Bht.  100     each  with  fully  paid.

 

THE  SHAREHOLDERS  LISTED  WERE  :  [as  at  April  30,  2014]

 

       NAME

HOLDING

%

 

 

 

Mr. Anand  Jagota

Nationality:  Thai

Address     :  156  Yaowaraj  Rd.,  Chakrawad, 

                     Samphantawong,  Bangkok

2,800

14.00

Mr. Wisanu  Jagota

Nationality:  Thai

Address     :  156  Yaowaraj  Rd.,  Chakrawad, 

                     Samphantawong,  Bangkok

2,800

14.00

Mr. Gopal  Jagota

Nationality:  Thai

Address     :  206  Moo 1,  T. Wiangpangkham,  A. Maesai,

                     Chiangrai

2,800

14.00

Mr. Sunil  Jagota

Nationality:  Thai

Address     :  206  Moo 1,  T. Wiangpangkham,  A. Maesai,

                     Chiangrai

2,800

14.00

Mr. Pumin  Jagota

Nationality:  Thai

Address     :  22  Moo  7,  T. Maesai,  A. Maesai, 

                     Chiangrai

2,800

14.00

Mr. Arun  Jagota

Nationality:  Thai

Address     :  22  Moo  7,  T. Maesai,  A. Maesai, 

                     Chiangrai

2,000

10.00

Mr. Rapin  Jagota

Nationality:  Thai

Address     :  22  Moo  7,  T. Maesai,  A. Maesai, 

                     Chiangrai

2,000

10.00

Mr. Asoke  Jagota

Nationality:  Thai

Address     :  206  Moo 1,  T. Wiangpangkham,  A. Maesai,

                     Chiangrai

2,000

10.00

 

Total  Shareholders  :  8


 

Share  Structure  [as  at  April  30,  2014]

 

Nationality

Shareholders

No. of  Share

% Shares

 

 

 

 

Thai

8

20,000

100.00

Foreign

-

-

-

 

Total

 

8

 

20,000

 

100.00

 

NAME  OF  AUDITOR  &  CERTIFIED  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTANT  NO. :

 

Mr. Pradermsak  Jaipetch  No.  5496

 

 

BALANCE SHEET [BAHT]

 

The  latest  financial  figures  published  for  December  31,  2013,  2012  &  2011  were:

          

ASSETS

                                                                                                

Current Assets

2013

2012

2011

 

 

 

 

Cash  and Cash Equivalents           

3,771,602.19

4,395,845.97

9,428,331.05

Trade Account  & Other Receivable

19,653,627.93

13,695,202.22

21,883,737.60

Other  Current  Assets                  

11,927,939.80

9,680,294.16

9,727,787.45

 

Total  Current  Assets                

 

35,353,169.92

 

27,771,342.35

 

41,039,856.10

 

 

 

 

Fixed Assets                  

1,084,004.27

707,570.36

475,247.70

Other  Non-current Assets

90,000.00

148,009.51

84,000.00

 

Total  Assets                 

 

36,527,174.19

 

28,626,922.22

 

41,599,103.80

 

 

 

LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY [BAHT]

 

Current Liabilities

2013

2012

2011

 

 

 

 

Trade Account & Other  Payable

24,512,473.26

17,775,076.78

32,645,115.97

Accrued  Income Tax

6,733.91

207,930.61

1,437,045.05

 

Total Current Liabilities

 

24,519,207.17

 

17,983,007.39

 

34,082,161.02

 

Other Non-current Liabilities

 

42,000.00

 

33,000.00

 

-

 

Total  Liabilities            

 

24,561,207.17

 

18,016,007.39

 

34,082,161.02

 

 

 

 

Shareholders' Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Share  capital : Baht  100  value 

  authorized,  issued  and  fully 

  paid  share  capital  20,000  shares

 

 

2,000,000.00

 

 

2,000,000.00

 

 

2,000,000.00

 

Capital  Paid                     

 

2,000,000.00

 

2,000,000.00

 

2,000,000.00

Retained Earning - Unappropriated                

9,965,967.02

8,610,914.83

5,516,942.78

 

Total  Shareholders' Equity

 

11,965,967.02

 

10,610,914.83

 

7,516,942.78

 

Total  Liabilities  & Shareholders' 

  Equity

 

 

36,527,174.19

 

 

28,626,922.22

 

 

41,599,103.80

                                                  

 

 

PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT

 

Revenue

2013

2012

2011

 

 

 

 

Sales  Income                            

85,546,750.42

79,552,839.99

74,345,408.55

Other  Income                

3,344,183.75

1,386,532.19

6,182,278.95

 

Total  Revenues           

 

88,890,937.17

 

80,939,372.18

 

80,527,687.50

 

Expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost  of  Goods  Sold                            

63,901,341.90

57,283,301.23

58,055,395.78

Selling  Expenses

19,267,366.88

16,859,491.96

5,896,319.19

Administrative  Expenses

4,028,410.15

2,738,151.81

10,964,176.63

 

Total Expenses             

 

87,197,118.93

 

76,880,945.00

 

74,915,891.60

 

Profit / [Loss]  before  Financial Cost  &

   Income Tax

 

 

1,693,815.24

 

 

4,058,427.18

 

 

5,611,795.90

Financial Cost

-

[8,783.91]

-

 

 

 

 

Profit / [Loss]  before  Income Tax

1,693,815.24

4,049,643.27

5,611,795.90

Income Tax

[338,763.05]

[955,671.22]

[1,437,840.55]

 

Net  Profit / [Loss]

 

1,355,052.19

 

3,093,972.05

 

4,173,955.35

 


 

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

 

ITEM

UNIT

2013

2012

2011

 

 

 

 

 

LIQUIDITY RATIO

 

 

 

 

CURRENT RATIO

TIMES

1.44

1.54

1.20

QUICK RATIO

TIMES

0.96

1.01

0.92

 

 

 

 

 

ACTIVITY RATIO

 

 

 

 

FIXED ASSETS TURNOVER

TIMES

78.92

112.43

156.44

TOTAL ASSETS TURNOVER

TIMES

2.34

2.78

1.79

INVENTORY CONVERSION PERIOD

DAYS

-

-

-

INVENTORY TURNOVER

TIMES

-

-

-

RECEIVABLES CONVERSION PERIOD

DAYS

83.86

62.84

107.44

RECEIVABLES TURNOVER

TIMES

4.35

5.81

3.40

PAYABLES CONVERSION PERIOD

DAYS

140.01

113.26

205.24

CASH CONVERSION CYCLE

DAYS

(56.16)

(50.42)

(97.80)

 

 

 

 

 

PROFITABILITY RATIO

 

 

 

 

COST OF GOODS SOLD

%

74.70

72.01

78.09

SELLING & ADMINISTRATION

%

27.23

24.63

22.68

INTEREST

%

-

0.01

-

GROSS PROFIT MARGIN

%

29.21

29.74

30.23

NET PROFIT MARGIN BEFORE EX. ITEM

%

1.98

5.10

7.55

NET PROFIT MARGIN

%

1.58

3.89

5.61

RETURN ON EQUITY

%

11.32

29.16

55.53

RETURN ON ASSET

%

3.71

10.81

10.03

EARNING PER SHARE

BAHT

67.75

154.70

208.70

 

 

 

 

 

LEVERAGE RATIO

 

 

 

 

DEBT RATIO

TIMES

0.67

0.63

0.82

DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO

TIMES

2.05

1.70

4.53

TIME INTEREST EARNED

TIMES

-

462.03

-

 

 

 

 

 

ANNUAL GROWTH

 

 

 

 

SALES GROWTH

%

7.53

7.00

 

OPERATING PROFIT

%

(58.26)

(27.68)

 

NET PROFIT

%

(56.20)

(25.87)

 

FIXED ASSETS

%

53.20

48.88

 

TOTAL ASSETS

%

27.60

(31.18)

 

 


 

 

ANNUAL GROWTH : SATISFACTORY

 

An annual sales growth is 7.53%. Turnover has increased from THB 79,552,839.99 in 2012 to THB 85,546,750.42 in 2013. While net profit has decreased from THB 3,093,972.05 in 2012 to THB 1,355,052.19 in 2013. And total assets has increased from THB 28,626,922.22 in 2012 to THB 36,527,174.19 in 2013.                       

                       

PROFITABILITY : SATISFACTORY

 

 

PROFITABILITY RATIO

 

Gross Profit Margin

29.21

Impressive

Industrial Average

6.78

Net Profit Margin

1.58

Satisfactory

Industrial Average

2.11

Return on Assets

3.71

Acceptable

Industrial Average

5.65

Return on Equity

11.32

Acceptable

Industrial Average

17.26

 

Gross Profit Margin used to assess a firm's financial health by revealing the proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold. Gross profit margin serves as the source for paying additional expenses and future savings. The  company’s figure is   29.21%. When compared with the industry average, the ratio of the company was higher, indicated that company was more profitable than the same industry.

 

Net Profit Margin is the indicator of the company's efficiency in that net profit takes into consideration all expenses of the company. A low profit margin indicates a low margin of safety, higher risk that a decline in sales will erase profits and result in a net loss. The company's figure is 1.58%. When compared with the industry average, the ratio of the company was lower.

 

Return on Assets measures how efficiently profits are being generated from the assets employed in the business when compared with the ratios of firms in a similar business. A low ratio in comparison with industry averages indicates an inefficient use of business assets. When compared with the industry average, it  was lower, the company's figure is 3.71%.

 

Return on Equity indicates how profitable a company is by comparing its net income to its average shareholders' equity, ROE measures how much the shareholders earned for their investment in the company. When compared with the industry average, it was lower, the company's figure is 11.32%.

 

Trend of the average competitors in the same industry for last 5 years

Return on Assets                       Uptrend

Return on Equity                       Uptrend

 

 

LIQUIDITY : SATISFACTORY

 

 

LIQUIDITY RATIO

 

Current Ratio

1.44

Impressive

Industrial Average

1.24

Quick Ratio

0.96

 

 

 

Cash Conversion Cycle

(56.16)

 

 

 

 

The Current Ratio is to ascertain whether a company's short-term assets are readily available to pay off its short-term liabilities. The company's figure is 1.44 times in 2013, decreased from 1.54 times, then it is generally considered to have good short-term financial strength. When compared with the industry average, the ratio of the company was higher, indicated that company was an efficient operator in a dominant position within its industry.

 

The Quick Ratio is a liquidity indicator that further refines the current ratio by measuring the amount of the most liquid current assets there are to cover current liabilities. The company's figure is 0.96 times in 2013, decreased from 1.01 times, by excluding inventory, the company may have problems meeting current liabilities.

 

The Cash Conversion Cycle measures the number of days a company's cash is tied up in the production and sales process of its operations and the benefit from payment terms from its creditors. It meant the company could survive when no cash inflow was received from sale for -57 days.

 

Trend of the average competitors in the same industry for last 5 years

Current Ratio                 Uptrend

 

 

LEVERAGE : IMPRESSIVE

 

 

 

LEVERAGE RATIO

 

Debt Ratio

0.67

Impressive

Industrial Average

0.77

Debt to Equity Ratio

2.05

Satisfactory

Industrial Average

3.53

Times Interest Earned

-

 

Industrial Average

-

 

Debt to Equity Ratio a measurement of how much suppliers, lenders, creditors and obligors have committed to the company versus what the shareholders have committed. A higher the percentage means that the company is using less equity and has stronger leverage position.

 

Debt Ratio shows the proportion of a company's assets which are financed through debt. The company's figure is 0.67 greater than 0.5, most of the company's assets are financed through debt.

 

Trend of the average competitors in the same industry for last 5 years

Debt Ratio                                Uptrend

Times Interest Earned                Stable

 

ACTIVITY : IMPRESSIVE

 

 

 

 

ACTIVITY RATIO

 

Fixed Assets Turnover

78.92

Impressive

Industrial Average

-

Total Assets Turnover

2.34

Satisfactory

Industrial Average

2.67

Inventory Conversion Period

-

 

 

 

Inventory Turnover

-

 

Industrial Average

7.72

Receivables Conversion Period

83.86

 

 

 

Receivables Turnover

4.35

Impressive

Industrial Average

4.09

Payables Conversion Period

140.01

 

 

 

 

The company's Account Receivable Ratio is calculated as 4.35 and 5.81 in 2013 and 2012 respectively. This ratio measures the efficiency of the company in managing its trade debtors to generate revenue. A lower ratio may indicate over extension and collection problems. Conversely, a higher ratio may indicate an overtly stringent policy. In this case, the company's A/R ratio in 2013 decreased from 2012. This would suggest the company had deteriorated in the management of its debt collections.

 

The company's Total Asset Turnover is calculated as 2.34 times and 2.78 times in 2013 and 2012 respectively. This ratio is determined by dividing total assets into total sales turnover. The ratio measures the activity of the assets and the ability of the firm to generate sales through the use of the assets.


 

Trend of the average competitors in the same industry for last 5 years

Fixed Assets Turnover               Stable

Total Assets Turnover                Uptrend

Inventory Turnover                     Uptrend

Receivables Turnover                Uptrend

 


 

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES

 

Currency

Unit

Indian Rupees

US Dollar

1

Rs.59.97

UK Pound

1

Rs.102.90

Euro

1

Rs.82.02

 

INFORMATION DETAILS

 

Analysis Done by :

RAS

 

 

Report Prepared by :

NIS

 

               

RATING EXPLANATIONS

 

RATING

STATUS

PROPOSED CREDIT LINE

 

>86

Aaa

Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the strongest capability for timely payment of interest and principal sums

 

Unlimited

 

71-85

Aa

Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for credit transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of interest and principal sums

 

Large

 

56-70

A

Financial & operational base are regarded healthy. General unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory capability for payment of interest and principal sums

 

Fairly Large

 

41-55

Ba

Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal commitments.

 

Satisfactory

 

26-40

B

Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively below average.

 

Small

 

11-25

Ca

Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and principal sums in default or expected to be in default upon maturity

 

Limited with full security

 

<10

C

Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be exercised

 

Credit not recommended

 

--

NB

New Business

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This score serves as a reference to assess SC’s credit risk and to set the amount of credit to be extended. It is calculated from a composite of weighted scores obtained from each of the major sections of this report. The assessed factors and their relative weights (as indicated through %) are as follows:

 

Financial condition (40%)            Ownership background (20%)                  Payment record (10%)

Credit history (10%)                   Market trend (10%)                                Operational size (10%)

 

PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL : This information is provided to you at your request, you having employed MIPL for such purpose. You will use the information as aid only in determining the propriety of giving credit and generally as an aid to your business and for no other purpose. You will hold the information in strict confidence, and shall not reveal it or make it known to the subject persons, firms or corporations or to any other. MIPL does not warrant the correctness of the information as you hold it free of any liability whatsoever. You will be liable to and indemnify MIPL for any loss, damage or expense, occasioned by your breach or non observance of any one, or more of these conditions

This report is issued at your request without any risk and responsibility on the part of MIRA INFORM PRIVATE LIMITED (MIPL) or its officials.