|
Report Date : |
15.05.2014 |
IDENTIFICATION DETAILS
|
Name : |
TRADECOM SERVICES
PTE LTD |
|
|
|
|
Formerly Known As : |
KARTHIKAYA TRADERS PTE LTD |
|
|
|
|
Registered Office : |
3, Shenton Way, 09-08, Shenton House, 068805 |
|
|
|
|
Country : |
Singapore |
|
|
|
|
Date of Incorporation : |
19.08.1983 |
|
|
|
|
Com. Reg. No.: |
198303988-W |
|
|
|
|
Legal Form : |
Exempt Private Company |
|
|
|
|
Line of Business : |
· distributor of engineering equipment general hardware wastepaper & chemicals. engaged in distributors of all grades of wastepaper,
consumables for paper machines, special steel as well as engineering,
customized products and other related product. Subject
also sells additives for lubricants
& chemicals |
|
|
|
|
No of Employees : |
10 (2014) |
RATING & COMMENTS
|
MIRA’s Rating : |
B |
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
26-40 |
B |
Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively
below average. |
Small |
|
Status : |
Moderate |
|
|
|
|
Payment Behaviour : |
Unknown |
|
|
|
|
Litigation : |
Clear |
NOTES :
Any query related to this report can be made on
e-mail : infodept@mirainform.com
while quoting report number, name and date.
ECGC Country Risk Classification List – March 31, 2014
|
Country Name |
Previous Rating (31.12.2013) |
Current Rating (31.03.2014) |
|
Singapore |
A1 |
A1 |
|
Risk Category |
ECGC
Classification |
|
Insignificant |
A1 |
|
Low Risk |
A2 |
|
Moderate Low Risk |
B1 |
|
Moderate Risk |
B2 |
|
Moderate High Risk |
C1 |
|
High Risk |
C2 |
|
Very High Risk |
D |
SINGAPORE - ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
Singapore has a highly
developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys a remarkably open and
corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than
that of most developed countries. The economy depends heavily on exports,
particularly in consumer electronics, information technology products,
pharmaceuticals, and on a growing financial services sector. The economy
contracted 0.6% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but
rebounded 15.1% in 2010, on the strength of renewed exports, before slowing to
in 2011-13, largely a result of soft demand for exports during the second
European recession. Over the longer term, the government hopes to establish a
new growth path that focuses on raising productivity. Singapore has attracted
major investments in pharmaceuticals and medical technology production and will
continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and
high-tech hub.
|
Source
: CIA |
|
* Adopted abbreviations : |
SC - Subject Company (the company enquired
by you) |
|
|
N/A - Not Applicable |
|
REGISTRATION NO. |
: |
198303988-W |
||||
|
COMPANY NAME |
: |
TRADECOM
SERVICES PTE LTD |
||||
|
FORMER NAME |
: |
KARTHIKAYA TRADERS PTE LTD (18/09/1986) |
||||
|
INCORPORATION DATE |
: |
19/08/1983 |
||||
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|
||||
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|
|
||||
|
COMPANY STATUS |
: |
EXIST |
||||
|
LEGAL FORM |
: |
EXEMPT PRIVATE |
||||
|
LISTED STATUS |
: |
NO |
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
REGISTERED ADDRESS |
: |
3, SHENTON WAY, 09-08, SHENTON HOUSE,
068805, SINGAPORE. |
||||
|
BUSINESS ADDRESS |
: |
3, SHENTON WAY, 09-08 SHENTON HOUSE,
068805, SINGAPORE. |
||||
|
TEL.NO. |
: |
65-62240036 |
||||
|
FAX.NO. |
: |
65-62230611 |
||||
|
CONTACT PERSON |
: |
AMISHA ASHVIN DESAI ( DIRECTOR ) |
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY |
: |
DISTRIBUTOR OF ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT
GENERAL HARDWARE WASTEPAPER & CHEMICALS |
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ISSUED AND PAID UP CAPITAL |
: |
500,000.00 ORDINARY SHARE, OF A VALUE OF
SGD 500,000.00 |
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
SALES |
: |
N/A |
||||
|
NET WORTH |
: |
N/A |
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
STAFF STRENGTH |
: |
10 [2014] |
||||
|
||||||
|
LITIGATION |
: |
CLEAR |
||||
|
FINANCIAL CONDITION |
: |
N/A |
||||
|
PAYMENT |
: |
N/A |
||||
|
MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY |
: |
AVERAGE |
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
COMMERCIAL RISK |
: |
MODERATE |
||||
|
CURRENCY EXPOSURE |
: |
MODERATE |
||||
|
GENERAL REPUTATION |
: |
SATISFACTORY |
||||
|
INDUSTRY OUTLOOK |
: |
AVERAGE GROWTH |
||||
The Subject is an exempt private company whose shares are not held by any corporate body and has no more than 20 shareholders who are all natural persons. An exempt company is a type of private limited company. A private limited company is a separate legal entity from its shareholders. As a separate legal entity, the Subject is capable of owning assets, entering into contracts, suing or be sued by other companies. An exempt private company with an annual turnover of less than SGD5 million are exempted from statutory auditing requirements. Instead of filing audited annual accounts, the Subject has to file in a document duly signed by its director in charge of its finance and the company secretary stating that the Subject is able to meet all its obligations as and when they fall due. The Subject is not required to have their accounts audited. However, the Subject will prepare unaudited accounts for purposes of AGMs and filing with Registry Office if it is unable to meet all its obligations as and when they fall due .
The Subject is principally engaged in the (as a / as an) distributor of engineering equipment general hardware wastepaper & chemicals.
Share Capital History
|
Date |
Issue & Paid Up Capital |
|
12/05/2014 |
SGD 500,000.00 |
The major
shareholder(s) of the Subject are shown as follows :
Name |
Address |
IC/PP/Loc No |
Shareholding |
(%) |
|
PUSHKARRAI BAPULAL DESAI + |
3, TANJONG RHU ROAD 18-03, THE WATERSIDE, 436881, SINGAPORE. |
S0229822H |
250,000.00 |
50.00 |
|
ASHVIN BAPULAL DESAI + |
3, TANJONG RHU ROAD, 19-02, THE WATERSIDE, 436881, SINGAPORE. |
S1198424Z |
250,000.00 |
50.00 |
|
|
|
|
--------------- |
------ |
|
|
|
|
500,000.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
============ |
===== |
+ Also Director
The Subject's
interest in other companies (Subsidiaries/Associates) are shown as follow :
Local No |
Country |
Company |
(%) |
As At |
|
199800865Z |
SINGAPORE |
TOPAC MARKETING PTE LTD |
50.00 |
30/06/2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
199905249R |
SINGAPORE |
ALBATEC PTE LTD |
50.00 |
30/06/2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIRECTOR 1
|
Name Of Subject |
: |
SAROJ PUSHKARRAI DESAI |
|
Address |
: |
3, TANJUNG RHU ROAD, 18-03, THE WATERSIDE, 436881, SINGAPORE. |
|
IC / PP No |
: |
S2177143J |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nationality |
: |
SINGAPOREAN |
|
Date of Appointment |
: |
23/04/1988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIRECTOR 2
|
Name Of Subject |
: |
AMISHA ASHVIN DESAI @ ASHA |
|
Address |
: |
3, TANJONG RHU ROAD, 19-02, THE WATERSIDE, 436881, SINGAPORE. |
|
IC / PP No |
: |
S2534371I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nationality |
: |
SINGAPOREAN |
|
Date of Appointment |
: |
23/04/1988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIRECTOR 3
|
Name Of Subject |
: |
PUSHKARRAI BAPULAL DESAI |
|
Address |
: |
3, TANJONG RHU ROAD 18-03, THE WATERSIDE, 436881, SINGAPORE. |
|
IC / PP No |
: |
S0229822H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nationality |
: |
SINGAPOREAN |
|
Date of Appointment |
: |
16/07/1986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIRECTOR 4
|
Name Of Subject |
: |
ASHVIN BAPULAL DESAI |
|
Address |
: |
3, TANJONG RHU ROAD, 19-02, THE WATERSIDE, 436881, SINGAPORE. |
|
IC / PP No |
: |
S1198424Z |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nationality |
: |
SINGAPOREAN |
|
Date of Appointment |
: |
16/07/1986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1) |
Name of Subject |
: |
AMISHA ASHVIN DESAI |
|
|
Position |
: |
DIRECTOR |
|
Auditor |
: |
PLANPARTNERS PAC |
|
Auditor' Address |
: |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
|
1) |
Company Secretary |
: |
SEAH SIEW YIAN |
|
|
IC / PP No |
: |
S1670866F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Address |
: |
433, BUKIT PANJANG RING ROAD, 03-625, 670433, SINGAPORE. |
|
|
|
|
|
Banking relations are maintained
principally with :
|
1) |
Name |
: |
DBS BANK LTD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charge No |
Creation Date |
Charge
Description |
Chargee Name |
Total Charge |
Status |
|
199704724 |
05/08/1997 |
N/A |
DBS BANK LTD. |
- |
Unsatisfied |
|
C201012379 |
20/12/2010 |
N/A |
DBS BANK LTD. |
- |
Unsatisfied |
|
C201012380 |
20/12/2010 |
N/A |
DBS BANK LTD. |
- |
Unsatisfied |
* A check has been conducted in our databank against the Subject whether the
subject has been involved in any litigation.
No legal action was found in our databank.
No winding up petition was found in our databank.
|
SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS: |
||
|
Local |
: |
YES |
|
Overseas |
: |
YES |
|
|
|
|
|
Local |
: |
YES |
Percentage |
: |
60% |
|
Domestic Markets |
: |
SINGAPORE |
|||
|
Overseas |
: |
YES |
Percentage |
: |
40% |
|
Export Market |
: |
ASIA |
|||
|
Credit Term |
: |
N/A |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment Mode |
: |
CHEQUES |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goods Traded |
: |
ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT GENERAL HARDWARE
WASTEPAPER & CHEMICALS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Number of Employees: |
|
||||||||
|
YEAR |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
GROUP |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMPANY |
10 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Branch |
: |
NO
|
Other
Information:
The Subject is
principally engaged in the (as a / as an) distributor of engineering equipment
general hardware wastepaper & chemicals.
The Subject engaged in distributors of all grades of wastepaper, consumables
for paper machines, special steel as well as engineering, customized products
and other related product.
The Subject also sells additives for lubricants & chemicals
CURRENT INVESTIGATION
Latest fresh
investigations carried out on the Subject indicated that :
|
Telephone Number Provided By Client |
: |
N/A |
|
Current Telephone Number |
: |
65-62240036 |
|
Match |
: |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
|
Address Provided by Client |
: |
3, SHENTON WAY NO-09-08 SHENTON HOUSE
SINGAPORE 068805 |
|
Current Address |
: |
3, SHENTON WAY, 09-08 SHENTON HOUSE,
068805, SINGAPORE. |
|
Match |
: |
YES |
|
|
|
|
Other
Investigations
we contacted one of the staff from the Subject and she provided some
information.
|
The Subject is a private exempt company which does not need to file in
its accounts with the Registrar of Companies for the information of the public.
Therefore, we are not able to comment on the Subject’s financial performance. |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall financial condition of the Subject : N/A |
||||||
|
Major Economic
Indicators : |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Population (Million) |
4.98 |
5.08 |
5.18 |
5.31 |
5.40 |
|
Gross Domestic Products ( % ) |
(0.8) |
14.5 |
4.9 |
1.3 |
3.7 |
|
Consumer Price Index |
0.6 |
2.8 |
5.2 |
4.6 |
2.4 |
|
Total Imports (Million) |
356,299.3 |
423,221.8 |
459,655.1 |
474,554.0 |
466,762.0 |
|
Total Exports (Million) |
391,118.1 |
478,840.7 |
514,741.2 |
510,329.0 |
513,391.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unemployment Rate (%) |
3.2 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Tourist Arrival (Million) |
9.68 |
11.64 |
13.17 |
14.49 |
15.46 |
|
Hotel Occupancy Rate (%) |
75.8 |
85.6 |
86.5 |
86.4 |
86.3 |
|
Cellular Phone Subscriber (Million) |
1.37 |
1.43 |
1.50 |
1.52 |
1.97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration of New Companies (No.) |
26,414 |
29,798 |
32,317 |
31,892 |
37,288 |
|
Registration of New Companies (%) |
4.3 |
12.8 |
8.5 |
(1.3) |
9.8 |
|
Liquidation of Companies (No.) |
22,393 |
15,126 |
19,005 |
17,218 |
17,369 |
|
Liquidation of Companies (%) |
113.4 |
(32.5) |
25.6 |
9.4 |
(5.3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration of New Businesses (No.) |
26,876 |
23,978 |
23,494 |
24,788 |
22,893 |
|
Registration of New Businesses (%) |
8.15 |
(10.78) |
2.02 |
5.51 |
1.70 |
|
Liquidation of Businesses (No.) |
23,552 |
24,211 |
23,005 |
22,489 |
22,598 |
|
Liquidation of Businesses (%) |
11.4 |
2.8 |
(5) |
(2.2) |
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bankruptcy Orders (No.) |
2,058 |
1,537 |
1,527 |
1,748 |
1,992 |
|
Bankruptcy Orders (%) |
(11.5) |
(25.3) |
(0.7) |
14.5 |
14.0 |
|
Bankruptcy Discharges (No.) |
3,056 |
2,252 |
1,391 |
1,881 |
2,584 |
|
Bankruptcy Discharges (%) |
103.7 |
(26.3) |
(38.2) |
35.2 |
37.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDUSTRIES ( %
of Growth ) : |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agriculture |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production of Principal Crops |
3.25 |
(0.48) |
4.25 |
3.64 |
- |
|
Fish Supply & Wholesale |
(1.93) |
(10.5) |
12.10 |
(0.5) |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing * |
71.5 |
92.8 |
100.0 |
100.3 |
102.0 |
|
Food, Beverages & Tobacco |
90.4 |
96.4 |
100.0 |
103.5 |
103.5 |
|
Textiles |
145.9 |
122.1 |
100.0 |
104.0 |
87.1 |
|
Wearing Apparel |
211.0 |
123.3 |
100.0 |
92.1 |
77.8 |
|
Leather Products & Footwear |
79.5 |
81.8 |
100.0 |
98.6 |
109.8 |
|
Wood & Wood Products |
101.4 |
104.0 |
100.0 |
95.5 |
107.4 |
|
Paper & Paper Products |
95.4 |
106.1 |
100.0 |
97.4 |
103.2 |
|
Printing & Media |
100.9 |
103.5 |
100.0 |
93.0 |
86.1 |
|
Crude Oil Refineries |
96.4 |
95.6 |
100.0 |
99.4 |
93.5 |
|
Chemical & Chemical Products |
80.3 |
97.6 |
100.0 |
100.5 |
104.1 |
|
Pharmaceutical Products |
49.1 |
75.3 |
100.0 |
109.7 |
107.2 |
|
Rubber & Plastic Products |
101.2 |
112.3 |
100.0 |
96.5 |
92.9 |
|
Non-metallic Mineral |
91.9 |
92.5 |
100.0 |
98.2 |
97.6 |
|
Basic Metals |
92.6 |
102.2 |
100.0 |
90.6 |
76.5 |
|
Fabricated Metal Products |
90.8 |
103.6 |
100.0 |
104.3 |
105.1 |
|
Machinery & Equipment |
57.3 |
78.5 |
100.0 |
112.9 |
114.5 |
|
Electrical Machinery |
86.8 |
124.1 |
100.0 |
99.3 |
108.5 |
|
Electronic Components |
85.2 |
113.6 |
100.0 |
90.6 |
94.3 |
|
Transport Equipment |
96.0 |
94.0 |
100.0 |
106.3 |
107.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction |
(36.9) |
14.20 |
20.50 |
28.70 |
- |
|
Real Estate |
1.4 |
21.3 |
25.4 |
31.9 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity, Gas & Water |
1.70 |
4.00 |
7.00 |
6.30 |
- |
|
Transport, Storage & Communication |
3.90 |
12.80 |
7.40 |
5.30 |
- |
|
Finance & Insurance |
(16.4) |
(0.4) |
8.90 |
0.50 |
- |
|
Government Services |
4.50 |
9.70 |
6.90 |
6.00 |
- |
|
Education Services |
0.10 |
(0.9) |
(1.4) |
0.30 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Based on Index of Industrial Production
(2011 = 100) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Source : Department of Statistics) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDUSTRY : |
TRADING |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The wholesale and retail trade sector contracted by 1.5% in the fourth
quarter of 2012, extending the 0.2% decline in the preceding quarter. For the
whole of 2012, the sector declined by 0.7%, reversing the 1.6% growth in
2011. The sector was weighed down primarily by the wholesale trade segment.
In 2012, the wholesale trade segment contracted by 1.0%, a reversal from the
1.4% growth in 2011. Growth of the retail trade segment also moderated to
2.0%, from 3.2% in the year 2011. |
|
|
|
|
|
The domestic wholesale trade index grew by 1.2% in the fourth quarter
of 2012, an improvement from the 5.4% decline in the third quarter. This was
partly due to an increase in the sales of chemicals & chemical products
and ship chandlers & bunkering. For the full year of 2012, the domestic
wholesale trade index contracted by 2.2%, extending the 1.7% decline in 2011.
The foreign wholesale trade index grew by 8.6% in the fourth quarter, an
increase from the 6.6% growth in the third quarter. The expansion was partly
due to resilient sales of petroleum & petroleum products. For the whole
of 2012, the foreign wholesale trade index expanded by 9.1%, faster than the
4.3% increase in 2011. |
|
|
|
|
|
In the fourth quarter of 2012, retail sales volume declined by 2.0%,
extending the 0.3% decline in the third quarter. Excluding motor vehicles,
retail sales volume grew by 0.4%, a slight moderation compared to the 1.5%
gain in the third quarter of 2012. The sales volume of motor vehicles fell by
11% in the fourth quarter of 2012, after contracting by 6.1% in the third
quarter. The sales of several discretionary items also declined in the fourth
quarter. Besides, the sales of optical goods & books in 2012 fell by
3.6%, while the sales of telecommunications apparatus & computers
declined by 1.4%. |
|
|
|
|
|
For 2012 as a whole, retail sales volume grew by 1.3%, compared to the
2.0% expansion in 2011. Excluding motor vehicle sales, the increase in retail
sales volume also moderated from 5.4% in 2011 to 1.7% in 2012. Medical goods
& toiletries registered the largest increase (9.3%) in sales, followed by
telecommunications apparatus & computers (6.9%). By contrast, the sales
of watches & jewellery (-2.2%) and optical goods & books (-3.6%)
declined. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OVERALL INDUSTRY OUTLOOK : AVERAGE GROWTH |
|
Incorporated in 1983, the Subject is an
Exempt Private company, focusing on distribution of engineering equipment,
general hardware wastepaper & chemicals. With its long presence in the
industry coupled with its vast experiences in the business, the Subject should
have built up certain goodwill with its clients over times. The Subject is
considered as a medium size company with issued and paid up capital standing at
SGD 500,000.
Over the years, the Subject has penetrated into both the local and overseas
market. The Subject has positioned itself in the global market and is competing
in the industry. Its stable clientele base will enable the Subject to further
enhance its business in the near term. Being a small company, the Subject's
business operation is supported by 10 employees. Overall, we regard that the
Subject's management capability is average.
As the Subject is registered as an Exempt Private company, it is not required
to file financial statements for public review. As such, we are unable to
ascertain its present financial health.
The Subject's supplier are from both the
local and overseas countries. This will eliminates the risk of dependency on
deliveries from a number of key suppliers and insufficient quantities of its
raw materials. Overall the Subject has a good control over its resources.
The industry shows an upward trend and this
trend is very likely to sustain in the near terms. Hence, the Subject is expected
to benefit from the favourable outlook of the industry. Nonetheless, the
Subject should adopt better competitive strategies in order to sustain its
business position and to compete with other well established players in the
same industry.
In view of the above, we recommend credit be
granted to the Subject with close monitoring.
No latest financial accounts are available at the Registry Office.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
|
Currency |
Unit
|
Indian Rupees |
|
US Dollar |
1 |
Rs.59.88 |
|
UK Pound |
1 |
Rs.100.98 |
|
Euro |
1 |
Rs.82.40 |
INFORMATION DETAILS
|
Analysis Done by
: |
DIV |
|
|
|
|
Report Prepared
by : |
MNL |
RATING EXPLANATIONS
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
>86 |
Aaa |
Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the strongest
capability for timely payment of interest and principal sums |
Unlimited |
|
71-85 |
Aa |
Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for credit
transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of interest
and principal sums |
Large |
|
56-70 |
A |
Financial & operational base are regarded healthy. General
unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory capability for
payment of interest and principal sums |
Fairly Large |
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal
commitments. |
Satisfactory |
|
26-40 |
B |
Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively below
average. |
Small |
|
11-25 |
Ca |
Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and principal sums
in default or expected to be in default upon maturity |
Limited with
full security |
|
<10 |
C |
Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be exercised |
Credit not
recommended |
|
-- |
NB |
New Business |
-- |
This score serves as a reference to assess SC’s credit risk
and to set the amount of credit to be extended. It is calculated from a
composite of weighted scores obtained from each of the major sections of this
report. The assessed factors and their relative weights (as indicated through
%) are as follows:
Financial
condition (40%) Ownership
background (20%) Payment
record (10%)
Credit history
(10%) Market trend
(10%) Operational
size (10%)
This report is issued at your request without any
risk and responsibility on the part of MIRA INFORM PRIVATE LIMITED (MIPL)
or its officials.