|
Report No. : |
330530 |
|
Report Date : |
03.07.2015 |
IDENTIFICATION DETAILS
|
Name : |
STAUBLI ITALIA S.P.A. |
|
|
|
|
Registered Office : |
Via Rivera, 0055, 20841 – Carate Brianza (MB) |
|
|
|
|
Country : |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Financials (as on) : |
31.12.2013 |
|
|
|
|
Date of Incorporation : |
27.12.1980 |
|
|
|
|
Legal Form : |
Joint stock company with sole shareholder |
|
|
|
|
Line of Business : |
Manufacture of textile machinery, machinery and systems for auxiliary treatment of textiles, sewing and weaving machines (including spare parts and accessories) |
|
|
|
|
No. of Employees : |
from 131 to 150 |
RATING & COMMENTS
|
MIRA’s Rating : |
Ba |
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation is considered normal. Capable to meet normal
commitments. |
Satisfactory |
|
Status : |
Satisfactory |
|
|
|
|
Payment Behaviour : |
No Complaints |
|
|
|
|
Litigation : |
Clear |
NOTES :
Any query related to this report can be made
on e-mail : infodept@mirainform.com
while quoting report number, name and date.
ECGC Country Risk Classification List – March 31, 2015
|
Country Name |
Previous Rating (31.12.2014) |
Current Rating (31.03.2015) |
|
Italy |
A1 |
A1 |
|
Risk Category |
ECGC
Classification |
|
Insignificant |
A1 |
|
Low Risk |
A2 |
|
Moderate Low Risk |
B1 |
|
Moderate Risk |
B2 |
|
Moderate High Risk |
C1 |
|
High Risk |
C2 |
|
Very High Risk |
D |
ITALY ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
Italy has a diversified economy, which is divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less-developed, highly subsidized, agricultural south, where unemployment is higher. The Italian economy is driven in large part by the manufacture of high-quality consumer goods produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, many of them family-owned. Italy also has a sizable underground economy, which by some estimates accounts for as much as 17% of GDP. These activities are most common within the agriculture, construction, and service sectors. Italy is the third-largest economy in the euro-zone, but its exceptionally high public debt and structural impediments to growth have rendered it vulnerable to scrutiny by financial markets. Public debt has increased steadily since 2007, topping 132% of GDP in 2014, but investor concerns about Italy and the broader euro-zone crisis eased in 2013, bringing down Italy's borrowing costs on sovereign government debt from euro-era. The government still faces pressure from investors and European partners to sustain its efforts to address Italy's long-standing structural impediments to growth, such as labor market inefficiencies and tax evasion. In 2014 economic growth and labor market conditions continued to deteriorate, with overall unemployment rising to 12.2% and youth unemployment around 40%. Italy's GDP is now nearly 10% below its 2007 pre-crisis level.
|
Source
: CIA |
|
Staubli Italia
S.p.a. |
|
Via |
Rivera, |
0055 |
|
20841 |
- Carate Brianza |
(MB) |
-IT- |
|
Fiscal Code |
: |
04890850151 |
|
Legal Form |
: |
Joint stock company with sole shareholder |
|
start of Activities |
: |
27/12/1980 |
|
Equity |
: |
Over 2.582.254 |
|
Turnover Range |
: |
25.000.000/35.000.000 |
|
Number of Employees |
: |
from 131 to 150 |
Manufacture of textile machinery, machinery and systems for auxiliary
treatment of textiles, sewing and weaving machines (including spare parts and accessories)
Legal Form : Joint stock company with sole
shareholder
|
Fiscal Code : 04890850151 |
|
Foreign Trade Reg. no. : MB015068 since
08/01/1992 |
|
Foreign Trade Reg. no. : 92003 of Milano
since 08/01/1992 |
|
Foreign Trade Reg. no. : 092003 of Milano
since 08/01/1992 |
|
Chamber of Commerce no. : 526764 of
Brescia |
|
Chamber of Commerce no. : 1059077 of Monza
e Brianza since 20/07/2007 |
|
Chamber of Commerce no. : 1059077 of
Milano since 21/01/1981 |
|
Chamber of Commerce no. : 460259 of Prato |
|
Chamber of Commerce no. : 1093759 of
Torino |
|
Firms' Register : MI149-19454 of Milano
since 19/02/1996 |
|
V.A.T. Code : 00794370965 |
|
Tribunal Co. Register : 19454 of |
|
Foundation date |
: 27/12/1980 |
|
|
Establishment date |
: 27/12/1980 |
|
|
Start of Activities |
: 27/12/1980 |
|
|
Legal duration |
: 31/12/2050 |
|
|
Nominal Capital |
: 1.214.200 |
|
|
Subscribed Capital |
: 1.214.200 |
|
|
Paid up Capital |
: 1.214.200 |
|
Legal mail : |
STAUBLI@PEC.IT |
|
|
Varenna |
Daniele |
|
|
Born in Giussano |
(MB) |
on 20/09/1959 |
- Fiscal Code : VRNDNL59P20E063X |
|
|
Residence: |
Leoncavallo |
, 30 |
- 20833 |
Giussano |
(MB) |
- IT - |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Procurator |
30/09/1994 |
||
|
Manager |
13/12/2000 |
|
|
No Prejudicial
events are reported |
|
|
No Protests
registered |
|
|
Sala |
Francesco Ezio |
|
|
Born in Nibionno |
(CO) |
on 06/10/1953 |
- Fiscal Code : SLAFNC53R06F887J |
|
|
Residence: |
Briantea |
, 6 |
- 22060 |
Bulciago |
(LC) |
- IT - |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
General Director |
13/12/2000 |
|
|
No Prejudicial
events are reported |
|
|
No Protests
registered |
|
|
Kung |
Ulrich |
|
|
Born in Eriswil |
( ) |
on 23/06/1954 |
- Fiscal Code : KNGLCH54H23Z133B |
|
|
Residence: |
Rivera |
, 55 |
- 20841 |
Carate Brianza |
(MB) |
- IT - |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Director |
05/05/2015 |
||
|
Managing Director |
05/05/2015 |
|
|
No Prejudicial
events are reported |
|
|
No Protests
registered |
|
|
Staubli
International Alg |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Partner |
|
|
No Prejudicial
events are reported |
|
|
No Protests
registered |
|
|
Strebel |
Rolf Paul |
|
|
Born in Wadenswil |
( ) |
on 31/07/1955 |
- Fiscal Code : STRRFP55L31Z133O |
|
|
Residence: |
Rivera |
, 55 |
- 20048 |
Carate Brianza |
(MB) |
- IT - |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Director |
05/05/2015 |
||
|
Board Chairman |
05/05/2015 |
||
|
Managing Director |
05/05/2015 |
|
|
No Prejudicial
events are reported |
|
|
No Protests
registered |
|
|
Carera |
Bernard Rene' |
|
|
Born in Bourg En Bresse (01) |
( ) |
on 29/06/1960 |
- Fiscal Code : CRRBNR60H29Z110U |
|
|
Residence: |
Rivera |
, 55 |
- 20841 |
Carate Brianza |
(MB) |
- IT - |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Director |
05/05/2015 |
|
|
Lucchetti |
Andre' |
|
|
Born in Chambery |
( ) |
on 15/07/1956 |
- Fiscal Code : LCCNDR56L15Z110I |
|
|
Residence: |
Rivera |
, 55 |
- 20841 |
Carate Brianza |
(MB) |
- IT - |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Director |
05/05/2015 |
|
|
Delvecchio |
Franco Edoardo |
|
|
Born in Basel Bs |
( ) |
on 23/11/1966 |
- Fiscal Code : DLVFNC66S23Z133C |
|
|
Residence: |
Rivera |
, 55 |
- 20841 |
Carate Brianza |
(MB) |
- IT - |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Director |
05/05/2015 |
|
|
Iltis |
Patrick |
|
|
Born in Strasbourg |
( ) |
on 28/01/1958 |
- Fiscal Code : LTSPRC58A28Z110A |
|
|
Residence: |
Rivera |
, 55 |
- 20841 |
Carate Brianza |
(MB) |
- IT - |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Director |
05/05/2015 |
|
|
Staubli
International A E G |
|
Position |
Since |
Shares Amount |
% Ownership |
|
Sole partner |
27/03/1995 |
|
|
No Protests
registered |
*checkings have been performed on a national
scale.
In this module are listed the companies in
which members hold or have holded positions.
|
|
Kung |
Ulrich |
|
Firm's Style |
Seat |
Fiscal Code |
Position |
Position Status |
Firm's Status |
|
Staubli Holding France |
St. Jorioz - FR - |
402630263 |
Director |
Active |
Registered |
The indication "REGISTERED" as Firm Status could refer to Firms in Liquidation, Active, Inactive, etc.
For more information, in this case, we advise to request further investigations.
Shareholders' list as at date of data
collection:
|
Firm's Style / Name |
Seat / Residence |
Fiscal Code |
Owned Shares |
% Ownership |
|
Staubli Italia S.p.a. |
Carate Brianza - IT - |
04890850151 |
121.420 .Eur |
10,00 |
|
Staubli International A E G |
100,00 |
The Company under review has participations
in the following Companies:
|
Firm's Style |
Seat |
Fiscal Code |
Owned Shares
Amount |
% Ownership |
since |
until |
Share Status |
|
Staubli Italia S.p.a. |
Carate Brianza - IT - |
04890850151 |
121.420 .Eur |
10,00 |
Active |
In order to carry out its activities the
firm uses the following locations:
|
- |
Legal and
operative seat |
since 27/12/1980 |
|
Rivera |
, 0055 |
- 20048 |
- Carate Brianza |
(MB) |
- IT - |
|
PHONE |
: 03629441 |
|
Legal mail |
: STAUBLI@PEC.IT |
|
- |
Branch |
(Factory) |
since 01/08/2011 |
|
Sereno Via Nona |
, 137 |
- 25100 |
- Brescia |
(BS) |
- IT - |
|
- |
Branch |
(Sales office) |
since 01/10/2008 |
|
Torino |
, 43 |
- 10043 |
- Orbassano |
(TO) |
- IT - |
|
Employees |
: 138 |
|
Fittings and Equipment for a value of
930.000 |
Eur |
|
Stocks for a value of 3.480.000 |
Eur |
|
for a value of 240.000 |
Eur |
|
for a value of 310.000 |
Eur |
The firm operates abroad as importer /
exporter..
To purchase foreign products the firm uses
the following channels :
|
- distributors |
|
- its own sales net-work |
|
- its own agents |
|
- its own foreign branches |
|
- direct orders to foreign companies |
Export represents from 20% to 50% of the
global turnover.
Products abroad are placed by :
|
- importers |
|
- its own sales net-work |
|
- its own agents |
|
- its own foreign branches |
|
- direct orders from foreign companies |
Import comes generally from the following
nations:
|
- Italy |
Export is mainly towards:
|
- Greece |
|
- Italy |
|
- Gabon |
|
- Somalia |
|
- Ireland |
COMPANY STYLE
MODIFICATIONS:
|
Former Style |
New Style |
Changement Date |
|
Staubli Tagliabue Spa |
Staubli Italia S.p.A. |
17/01/1991 |
CEASINGS/INCORPORATIONS/MERGES:
|
|
The firm
absorbed by merging of |
|
|
|
|
Rivera |
, 0055 |
, 20048 |
, Carate Brianza |
(MI) |
- IT - |
|
|
Fiscal Code: 00375590122 |
|
|
Date |
: |
31/05/1991 |
|
|
The firm
absorved |
|
|
|
|
Rivera |
, 0055 |
, 20048 |
, Carate Brianza |
(MI) |
- IT - |
|
|
Fiscal Code: 00375590122 |
|
|
Date |
: |
31/05/1991 |
|
|
Project of
merging by taking over of |
|
|
|
|
VETRERIA |
, 1 |
, 22070 |
, Grandate |
(CO) |
- IT - |
|
|
Fiscal Code: 10109180157 |
|
|
Date |
Merging/splitting-up project: |
30/09/2004 |
|
|
The firm
absorbed by merging of |
|
|
|
|
VETRERIA |
, 1 |
, 22070 |
, Grandate |
(CO) |
- IT - |
|
|
Fiscal Code: 10109180157 |
|
|
Date |
: |
29/12/2004 |
Protests checking on the subject firm has
given a negative result.
Search performed on a National Scale
|
|
Prejudicial
Events Search Result: NEGATIVE |
Search performed on a specialized data base.
None reported, standing to the latest
received edition of the Official Publications.
The company is active since 1980
An eco-fin analysis has been made on the
base od the b/s fo the years 2011, 2012 and 2013.
During the last years, it recorded positive
net results (r.o.e. 7,5% in 2013) but without a significant increase in the
turnover.
The operating result in 2013 was positive
(5,85%) and in line with the sector's average.
The amount of the operating result for the
year 2013 is of Eur. 1.555.406 with an increase of 56,42% if the compared to
the previous financial year.
The economic management produced a gross
operating margin of Eur. 2.171.030 growing by 51,69% if compared to the year
before.
Very good financial situation: shareholder's
equity covers short-terms debts with an indebtedness level equal to 0,61 lower
than in 2012.
The equity capital is equal to Eur.
10.767.104 on stable levels.
During the last financial year total debts
volume reached Eur. 14.515.140 (Eur. 1.286.676 were m/l term ones) showing a
stable trend as opposed to 2012 (Eur. 13.064.674).
Bank and suppliers credit recourse is
limited, 46,63 gg. is payment average period below field's average.
Payments are supported by good current
assets.
As far as the collection of credit goes, the
average is high (98,22 days). but on the same levels as the average of the
sector.
The financial management generated a cash
flow of Eur. 1.222.839.
Labour cost amounts to Eur. 7.215.210, with
a 21,04% incidence on production costs. , with a 20,8% incidence on turnover.
No incidence of financial charges as lower
than the incomes.
|
|
Complete balance-sheet for the year |
al 31/12/2013 |
(in Eur |
x 1) |
|
Item Type |
Value |
|
Sales |
34.683.175 |
|
Profit (Loss) for the period |
807.215 |
|
|
Complete balance-sheet for the year |
al 31/12/2012 |
(in Eur |
x 1) |
|
Item Type |
Value |
|
Sales |
33.447.403 |
|
Profit (Loss) for the period |
1.017.618 |
|
|
Complete balance-sheet for the year |
al 31/12/2011 |
(in Eur |
x 1) |
|
Item Type |
Value |
|
Sales |
36.085.204 |
|
Profit (Loss) for the period |
978.898 |
|
|
Complete balance-sheet for the year |
al 31/12/2010 |
(in Eur |
x 1) |
|
Item Type |
Value |
|
Sales |
29.532.964 |
|
Profit (Loss) for the period |
1.151.983 |
From our constant monitoring of the relevant
Public Administration offices, no more recent balance sheets result to have
been filed.
|
- Balance Sheet
as at 31/12/2013 - 12 Mesi - Currency: - Amounts x 1 |
|
- Balance Sheet as
at 31/12/2012 - 12 Mesi - Currency: - Amounts x 1 |
|
- Balance Sheet
as at 31/12/2011 - 12 Mesi - Currency: - Amounts x 1 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
RATIOS |
Value Type |
as at 31/12/2013 |
as at 31/12/2012 |
as at 31/12/2011 |
Sector Average |
|
COMPOSITION ON
INVESTMENT |
|||||
|
Rigidity Ratio |
Units |
0,13 |
0,14 |
0,12 |
0,18 |
|
Elasticity Ratio |
Units |
0,86 |
0,85 |
0,86 |
0,80 |
|
Availability of stock |
Units |
0,13 |
0,14 |
0,16 |
0,24 |
|
Total Liquidity Ratio |
Units |
0,72 |
0,71 |
0,71 |
0,48 |
|
Quick Ratio |
Units |
0,25 |
0,16 |
0,12 |
0,03 |
|
COMPOSITION ON
SOURCE |
|||||
|
Net Short-term indebtedness |
Units |
0,61 |
0,69 |
0,57 |
3,25 |
|
Self Financing Ratio |
Units |
0,40 |
0,42 |
0,53 |
0,19 |
|
Capital protection Ratio |
Units |
0,74 |
0,68 |
0,78 |
0,63 |
|
Liabilities consolidation quotient |
Units |
0,23 |
0,38 |
0,17 |
0,19 |
|
Financing |
Units |
1,35 |
1,28 |
0,80 |
3,80 |
|
Permanent Indebtedness Ratio |
Units |
0,52 |
0,59 |
0,60 |
0,36 |
|
M/L term Debts Ratio |
Units |
0,11 |
0,17 |
0,07 |
0,11 |
|
Net Financial Indebtedness Ratio |
Units |
0,00 |
0,00 |
0,00 |
0,63 |
|
CORRELATION |
|||||
|
Fixed assets ratio |
Units |
3,88 |
4,30 |
4,90 |
1,75 |
|
Current ratio |
Units |
1,72 |
1,91 |
2,04 |
1,21 |
|
Acid Test Ratio-Liquidity Ratio |
Units |
1,46 |
1,60 |
1,67 |
0,81 |
|
Structure's primary quotient |
Units |
3,04 |
3,07 |
4,33 |
1,03 |
|
Treasury's primary quotient |
Units |
0,51 |
0,35 |
0,28 |
0,06 |
|
Rate of indebtedness ( Leverage ) |
% |
247,00 |
238,20 |
187,55 |
516,42 |
|
Current Capital ( net ) |
Value |
9.520.094 |
9.794.494 |
12.096.722 |
422.465 |
|
RETURN |
|||||
|
Return on Sales |
% |
3,53 |
4,35 |
4,58 |
3,35 |
|
Return on Equity - Net- ( R.O.E. ) |
% |
7,50 |
10,01 |
6,68 |
5,13 |
|
Return on Equity - Gross - ( R.O.E. ) |
% |
14,93 |
15,85 |
11,97 |
14,77 |
|
Return on Investment ( R.O.I. ) |
% |
5,85 |
4,10 |
5,85 |
4,16 |
|
Return/ Sales |
% |
4,48 |
2,97 |
4,45 |
4,11 |
|
Extra Management revenues/charges incid. |
% |
51,90 |
102,34 |
60,90 |
28,57 |
|
Cash Flow |
Value |
1.222.839 |
1.454.459 |
1.651.202 |
122.482 |
|
Operating Profit |
Value |
1.555.406 |
994.343 |
1.607.504 |
144.752 |
|
Gross Operating Margin |
Value |
2.171.030 |
1.431.184 |
2.279.808 |
241.990 |
|
MANAGEMENT |
|||||
|
Credits to clients average term |
Days |
98,22 |
100,32 |
109,23 |
111,85 |
|
Debts to suppliers average term |
Days |
46,63 |
45,90 |
50,04 |
128,30 |
|
Average stock waiting period |
Days |
36,16 |
36,04 |
42,58 |
80,43 |
|
Rate of capital employed return ( Turnover
) |
Units |
1,30 |
1,38 |
1,31 |
1,08 |
|
Rate of stock return |
Units |
9,96 |
9,99 |
8,45 |
4,45 |
|
Labour cost incidence |
% |
20,80 |
20,86 |
19,03 |
19,12 |
|
Net financial revenues/ charges incidence |
% |
0,04 |
0,42 |
0,17 |
-1,08 |
|
Labour cost on purchasing expenses |
% |
21,04 |
21,41 |
19,12 |
19,02 |
|
Short-term financing charges |
% |
0,79 |
0,06 |
0,61 |
2,68 |
|
Capital on hand |
% |
76,68 |
72,43 |
76,20 |
91,91 |
|
Sales pro employee |
Value |
154.147 |
154.135 |
168.622 |
198.432 |
|
Labour cost pro employee |
Value |
32.067 |
32.145 |
32.085 |
35.779 |
1) Protests checking (relative to the last
five years) performed by crossing and matching the members names and the Firm's
Style with the reported addresses, is supplied by the Informatic Registry
managed by the Italian Chamber of Commerce. If the fiscal code is not
indicated, the eventual homonymous cases are submitted to expert staff
evaluation in order to limit wrong matching risks.
2) The Legal Data, supplied and retrived
from the Firm's Registry of the Italian Chamber of Commerce, are in line with
the last registered modifications.
3) Risk evaluation and Credit Opinion have
been performed on the base of the actual data at the moment of their
availability.
|
Population living in the province |
: |
9.393.092 |
|
Population living in the region |
: |
0 |
|
Number of families in the region |
: |
0 |
Monthly family expences average in the
region (in .) :
|
- per food products |
: |
|
|
- per non food products |
: |
|
|
- per energy consume |
: |
|
The values are calculated on a base of 1.206
significant companies.
The companies cash their credits on an
average of 112 dd.
The average duration of suppliers debts is
about 128 dd.
The sector's profitability is on an average
of 3,35%.
The labour cost affects the turnover in the
measure of 19,12%.
Goods are held in stock in a range of 80 dd.
The difference between the sales volume and
the resources used to realize it is about 1,08.
The employees costs represent the 19,02% of
the production costs.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
|
Currency |
Unit
|
Indian Rupees |
|
US Dollar |
1 |
Rs. 63.57 |
|
|
1 |
Rs. 99.20 |
|
Euro |
1 |
Rs. 70.35 |
INFORMATION DETAILS
|
Analysis Done by
: |
RSM |
|
|
|
|
Report Prepared
by : |
DPT |
RATING EXPLANATIONS
|
RATING |
STATUS |
PROPOSED CREDIT LINE |
|
|
>86 |
Aaa |
Possesses an extremely sound financial base with the strongest capability
for timely payment of interest and principal sums |
Unlimited |
|
71-85 |
Aa |
Possesses adequate working capital. No caution needed for credit
transaction. It has above average (strong) capability for payment of interest
and principal sums |
Large |
|
56-70 |
A |
Financial & operational base are regarded healthy. General
unfavourable factors will not cause fatal effect. Satisfactory capability for
payment of interest and principal sums |
Fairly Large |
|
41-55 |
Ba |
Overall operation
is considered normal. Capable to meet normal commitments. |
Satisfactory |
|
26-40 |
B |
Capability to overcome financial difficulties seems comparatively
below average. |
Small |
|
11-25 |
Ca |
Adverse factors are apparent. Repayment of interest and principal sums
in default or expected to be in default upon maturity |
Limited with
full security |
|
<10 |
C |
Absolute credit risk exists. Caution needed to be exercised |
Credit not
recommended |
|
-- |
NB |
New Business |
-- |
This score serves as a reference to assess
SC’s credit risk and to set the amount of credit to be extended. It is calculated
from a composite of weighted scores obtained from each of the major sections of
this report. The assessed factors and their relative weights (as indicated
through %) are as follows:
Financial
condition (40%) Ownership
background (20%) Payment record
(10%)
Credit history
(10%) Market trend (10%) Operational size
(10%)
This report is issued at your request without any
risk and responsibility on the part of MIRA INFORM PRIVATE LIMITED (MIPL)
or its officials.