MIPL-Logo

3decades

 

MIRA INFORM REPORT

 

 

Report No. :

506488

Report Date :

28.04.2018

 

 

 

IDENTIFICATION DETAILS

 

Name :

HASTINAPUR INFRATECH PRIVATE LIMITED

 

 

Registered Office :

M-1, Jagtarni Apartment, Jamal Road, Patna-800001, Bihar

Tel. No.:

91-612-2218844

 

 

Country :

India

 

 

Financials (as on) :

31.03.2016

 

 

Date of Incorporation :

25.05.2012

 

 

Com. Reg. No.:

03-018724

 

 

Capital Investment / Paid-up Capital :

INR 0.295 Million

 

 

CIN No.:

[Company Identification No.]

U45400BR2012PTC018724

 

 

IEC No.:

[Import-Export Code No.]

Not Divulged

 

 

GSTN :

[Goods & Service Tax Registration No.]

10AACCH9275M1ZC

 

 

TAN No.:

[Tax Deduction & Collection Account No.]

Not Available

 

 

PAN No.:

[Permanent Account No.]

AACCH9275M

 

 

Legal Form :

Private Limited Liability Company

 

 

Line of Business :

Construction Activity. [Registered Activity]

 

                         

No. of Employees :

Information denied by the management

 

 

RATING & COMMENTS

(Mira Inform has adopted New Rating mechanism w.e.f. 23rd January 2017)

 

MIRA’s Rating :

C

 

Credit Rating

Explanation

Rating Comments

C

Medium High Risk

Business dealings permissible preferably on secured basis

 

Status :

Moderate

 

 

Payment Behaviour :

Unknown

 

 

Litigation :

Clear

 

 

Comments :

Subject was incorporated in the year 2012. It is having moderate track.

 

Management of the company has denied to provide any information.

 

Further, management of the company has not filed its financials of 2017 with government department.

 

As per available financials of 2016, the company has not undertaken any business operation and incurred expenses which has resulted into erosion of its entire networth.

 

Further, rating is constrained on account of limited track records and intense competition from industry.

 

Payment are seems to be unknown.

 

In view of aforesaid, the company can be considered for business dealings with safe and secured trade terms and conditions.

 

NOTES :

Any query related to this report can be made on e-mail : infodept@mirainform.com while quoting report number, name and date.

 

 

ECGC Country Risk Classification List

 

Country Name

Previous Rating

(30.09.2017)

Current Rating

(31.12.2017)

India

A1

A1

 

Risk Category

ECGC Classification

Insignificant

 

A1

Low Risk

 

A2

Moderately Low Risk

 

B1

Moderate Risk

 

B2

Moderately High Risk

 

C1

High Risk

 

C2

Very High Risk

 

D

 

 

EXTERNAL AGENCY RATING

 

NOT AVAILABLE

 

 

RBI DEFAULTERS’ LIST STATUS

 

Subject’s name is not enlisted as a defaulter in the publicly available RBI Defaulters’ list.

 

 

EPF (Employee Provident Fund) DEFAULTERS’ LIST STATUS

 

Subject’s name is not enlisted as a defaulter in the publicly available EPF (Employee Provident Fund) Defaulters’ list as of 31-03-2018.

 

BIFR (Board for Industrial & Financial Reconstruction) LISTING STATUS

 

Subject’s name is not listed as a Sick Unit in the publicly available BIFR (Board for Industrial & Financial Reconstruction) list as of 28.04.2018.

 

 

IBBI (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India) LISTING STATUS

 

Subject’s name is not listed in the publicly available IBBI (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India) list as of report date.

 

 

INFORMATION DENIED

 

MANAGEMENT NON-COOPERATIVE (Tel. No.: 91-612-2218844 / Mobile No.: 91-9534224411)

 

 

LOCATIONS

 

Registered Office :

M-1, Jagtarni Apartment, Jamal Road, Patna-800001, Bihar, India

Tel. No.:

91-612-2218844

Fax No.:

Not Available

E-Mail :

info@eformation.co.in

 

 

DIRECTORS

 

AS ON 31.03.2017

 

Name :

Mr. Sanjay Kumar Singh

Designation :

Director

Address :

H/No.492 /E/12, Gorakshwadi Village Aquem, Tal Salcate, South Goa-403601, India

Date of Birth/Age :

01.12.1970

Date of Appointment :

25.05.2012

DIN No.:

05142241

Other Directorship:

CIN/FCRN

Company Name

Begin Date

End Date

U70101GA2012PLC006868

HASTINAPUR INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

24/01/2012

-

 

 

Name :

Mr. Raman Kumar Ravi

Designation :

Director

Address :

137, Biscoman Colony, Sadar, Patna-800007, Bihar, India

Date of Birth/Age :

15.03.1968

Date of Appointment :

25.05.2012

DIN No.:

05142577

Other Directorship:

CIN/FCRN

Company Name

Begin Date

End Date

U70101GA2012PLC006868

HASTINAPUR INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

24/01/2012

-

 

 

Name :

Ms. Priti Singh

Designation :

Director

Address :

Birsa Adiwasi Colony Biscoman Colony, Sadar, Patna-800007, Bihar, India

Date of Birth/Age :

05.05.1974

Date of Appointment :

25.05.2012

DIN No.:

05142674

Other Directorship:

CIN/FCRN

Company Name

Begin Date

End Date

U70101GA2012PLC006868

HASTINAPUR INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

24/01/2012

-

 

 

Name :

Ms. Sunita Shahi

Designation :

Director

Address :

A/74, Housing Colony Kankerbagh Patna,Anchal-Patna Sadar, Patna-800020, Bihar, India

Date of Birth/Age :

10.03.1968

Date of Appointment :

25.05.2012

DIN No.:

05144339

Other Directorship:

CIN/FCRN

Company Name

Begin Date

End Date

U70101GA2012PLC006868

HASTINAPUR INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

24/01/2012

-

 

 

Name :

Mr. Shashibhushan Prasad Sinha

Designation :

Director

Address :

113C, Kumharar Gaon Anchal - Patna Sadar, Patna-800020, Bihar, India

Date of Birth/Age :

01.05.1965

Date of Appointment :

25.05.2012

DIN No.:

05144379

Other Directorship:

CIN/FCRN

Company Name

Begin Date

End Date

U70101GA2012PLC006868

HASTINAPUR INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

24/01/2012

-

 

 

Name :

Mr. Kaushik Kumar

Designation :

Director

Address :

41 Khurhan Milik Ka Tola Khurhan, Anchal- Alamnagar, Madhepura-852219, Bihar, India

Date of Birth/Age :

08.04.1977

Date of Appointment :

25.05.2012

DIN No.:

05147351

Other Directorship:

CIN/FCRN

Company Name

Begin Date

End Date

U70101GA2012PLC006868

HASTINAPUR INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

24/01/2012

-

 

 

 

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

 

AS ON 30.09.2016

 

Names of Shareholders

 

No. of Shares

Sanjay Kumar Singh

 

500

Raman Kumar Ravi

 

15000

Priti Singh

 

12500

Sunita Shahi

 

500

Shashibhushan Prasad Sinha

 

500

Kaushik Kumar

 

500

Total

 

29500

 

 

AS ON 30.09.2016

 

Equity Share Break up

Percentage

Category

 

 

Promoters - Individual/Hindu Undivided Family – Indian

100.00

Total

100.00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BUSINESS DETAILS

 

Line of Business :

Construction Activity. [Registered Activity]

 

 

Products / Services :

Item Code No. (ITC Code)

Product Description

45

Construction

 

 

Brand Names :

Not Available

 

 

Agencies Held :

Not Available

 

 

Exports :

Not Divulged 

 

 

Imports :

Not Divulged 

 

 

Terms :

Not Divulged 

 

 

PRODUCTION STATUS – (NOT AVAILABLE)

 

 

GENERAL INFORMATION

 

Suppliers :

Reference :

Not Divulged 

Name of the Person :

--

Contact No.:

--

Since How Long Known :

--

Maximum Limit Dealt :

--

Experience :

--

Remark :

--

 

 

Customers :

 

Reference :

Not Divulged 

Name of the Person :

--

Contact No.:

--

Since How Long Known :

--

Maximum Limit Dealt :

--

Experience :

--

Remark :

--

 

 

No. of Employees :

Information denied by the management

 

 

Bankers :

Bank Name

Not Divulged

Branch

--

Person Name (With Designation)

--

Contact Number

--

Name of Account Holder

--

Account Number

--

Account Since (Date/Year of Account Opening)

--

Average Balance Maintained (If Possible)

--

Credit Facilities Enjoyed (If any)

--

Account Operation

--

Remarks (If any)

--

 

 

Auditors :

 

Name :

Gupta Sachdeva and Company

Chartered Accountants

Address :

101/103, Jagat Trade Centre, Fraser Road, Patna-800001, Bihar, India

PAN No.:

AAAFG3767G

 

 

Memberships :

Not Available

 

 

Collaborators :

Not Available

 

 

Associates/Subsidiaries :

Not Available

 

 

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

 

AS ON 30.09.2016

 

Authorised Capital :

No. of Shares

Type

Value

Amount

 

 

 

 

50000

Equity Shares

INR 10/- each

INR 0.500 Million

 

 

 

 

 

Issued, Subscribed & Paid-up Capital :

No. of Shares

Type

Value

Amount

 

 

 

 

29500

Equity Shares

INR 10/- each

INR 0.295 Million

 

 

 

 

 


 

FINANCIAL DATA

[all figures are INR Million]

 

ABRIDGED BALANCE SHEET

 

SOURCES OF FUNDS

31.03.2016

31.03.2015

31.03.2014

 

 

 

 

I.              EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

 

 

 

(1)Shareholders' Funds

 

 

 

(a) Share Capital

0.295

0.295

0.295

(b) Reserves & Surplus

(2.508)

(1.453)

(0.612)

(c) Money received against share warrants

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

 

 

 

(2) Share Application money pending allotment

0.000

0.000

0.000

Total Shareholders’ Funds (1) + (2)

(2.213)

(1.158)

(0.317)

 

 

 

 

(3) Non-Current Liabilities

 

 

 

(a) long-term borrowings

0.000

0.000

0.000

(b) Deferred tax liabilities (Net)

0.007

0.000

0.003

(c) Other long term liabilities

0.000

0.000

0.000

(d) long-term provisions

0.000

0.000

0.000

Total Non-current Liabilities (3)

0.007

0.000

0.003

 

 

 

 

(4) Current Liabilities

 

 

 

(a) Short term borrowings

21.054

10.003

3.209

(b) Trade payables

7.695

0.431

0.152

(c) Other current liabilities

0.025

0.010

0.010

(d) Short-term provisions

0.000

0.000

0.000

Total Current Liabilities (4)

28.774

10.444

3.371

 

 

 

 

TOTAL

26.568

9.286

3.057

 

 

 

 

II.          ASSETS

 

 

 

(1) Non-current assets

 

 

 

(a) Fixed Assets

 

 

 

(i) Tangible assets

0.010

0.030

0.030

(ii) Intangible Assets

0.065

0.000

0.000

(iii) Capital work-in-progress

0.000

5.386

0.000

(iv) Intangible assets under development

0.000

0.000

0.000

(b) Non-current Investments

0.000

0.000

0.000

(c) Deferred tax assets (net)

0.000

0.001

0.000

(d)  Long-term Loan and Advances

0.000

0.000

0.000

(e) Other Non-current assets

0.000

0.000

0.000

Total Non-Current Assets

0.075

5.417

0.030

 

 

 

 

(2) Current assets

 

 

 

(a) Current investments

25.494

0.000

0.000

(b) Inventories

0.000

2.349

2.606

(c) Trade receivables

0.000

0.000

0.000

(d) Cash and cash equivalents

0.997

0.416

0.415

(e) Short-term loans and advances

0.000

1.100

0.000

(f) Other current assets

0.002

0.004

0.006

Total Current Assets

26.493

3.869

3.027

 

 

 

 

TOTAL

26.568

9.286

3.057

 

 

PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT

 

 

PARTICULARS

31.03.2016

31.03.2015

31.03.2014

 

SALES

 

 

 

 

Income

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

Other Income

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

TOTAL

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

 

 

 

 

Less

EXPENSES

 

 

 

 

Changes in inventories of finished goods, work-in-progress and Stock-in-Trade

0.000

(0.257)

0.000

 

Employees benefits expense

0.849

0.344

0.234

 

Other Administrative and Selling Expenses

0.169

0.704

0.362

 

Other expenses

0.002

0.002

0.002

 

TOTAL

1.020

0.793

0.598

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROFIT / (LOSS) BEFORE INTEREST, TAX, DEPRECIATION AND AMORTISATION

(1.020)

(0.793)

(0.598)

 

 

 

 

 

Less

FINANCIAL EXPENSES

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROFIT / (LOSS) BEFORE TAX, DEPRECIATION AND AMORTISATION

(1.020)

(0.793)

(0.598)

 

 

 

 

 

Less

DEPRECIATION/ AMORTISATION

0.029

0.064

0.001

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROFIT/ (LOSS)  BEFORE TAX

(1.049)

(0.857)

(0.599)

 

 

 

 

 

Less

TAX

0.006

(0.016)

0.003

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROFIT/ (LOSS)  AFTER TAX 

(1.055)

(0.841)

(0.602)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings / (Loss) Per Share (INR)

(35.76)

(28.51)

(20.40)

 

 

CURRENT MATURITIES OF LONG TERM DEBT DETAILS

 

Particulars

 

31.03.2016

31.03.2015

31.03.2014

Current Maturities of Long term debt

NA

NA

NA

Cash generated from operations

NA

NA

NA

Net cash flow from (used in) operations

NA

NA

NA

 

 

KEY RATIOS

 

EFFICIENCY RATIOS

 

PARTICULARS

 

31.03.2016

31.03.2015

31.03.2014

Average Collection Days

(Sundry Debtors / Income * 365)

0.00

0.00

0.00

 

 

 

 

Account Receivables Turnover

(Income / Sunday Debtors)

0.00

0.00

0.00

 

 

 

 

Average Payment Days

(Sundry Creditors / Purchases * 365 Days)

0.00

0.00

0.00

 

 

 

 

Inventory Turnover

(Operating Income / Inventories)

0.00

(0.34)

(0.23)

 

 

 

 

Asset Turnover

(Operating Income / Net Fixed Assets)

(13.60)

(0.15)

(19.93)

 

LEVERAGE RATIOS

 

PARTICULARS

 

31.03.2016

31.03.2015

31.03.2014

Debt Ratio

((Borrowing + Current Liabilities) / Total Assets)

1.08

1.12

1.10

 

 

 

 

Debt Equity Ratio

(Total Liability / Networth)

(9.51)

(8.64)

(10.12)

 

 

 

 

Current Liabilities to Networth

(Current Liabilities / Net Worth)

(13.00)

(9.02)

(10.63)

 

 

 

 

Fixed Assets to Networth

(Net Fixed Assets / Networth)

(0.03)

(4.68)

(0.09)

 

 

 

 

Interest Coverage Ratio

(PBIT / Financial Charges)

0.00

0.00

0.00

 

 

PROFITABILITY RATIOS

 

PARTICULARS

 

 

31.03.2016

31.03.2015

31.03.2014

Net Profit Margin [(PAT / Sales) * 100]

%

0.00

0.00

0.00

 

 

 

 

 

Return on Total Assets

((PAT / Total Assets) * 100)

%

(3.97)

(9.06)

(19.69)

 

 

 

 

 

Return on Investment (ROI)

((PAT / Networth) * 100)

%

47.67

72.63

189.91

 

SOLVENCY RATIOS

 

PARTICULARS

 

31.03.2016

31.03.2015

31.03.2014

Current Ratio

(Current Assets / Current Liabilities)

0.92

0.37

0.90

 

 

 

 

Quick Ratio

((Current Assets – Inventories) / Current Liabilities)

0.92

0.15

0.12

 

 

 

 

G-Score Ratio Financial

(Networth / Total Assets)

(0.08)

(0.12)

(0.10)

 

 

 

 

G-Score Ratio Debt

(Debts / Equity Capital)

71.37

33.91

10.88

 

 

 

 

G-Score Ratio Liquidity

(Total Current Assets / Total Current Liabilities)

0.92

0.37

0.90

Total Liability = Short-term Debt + Long-term Debt + Current Maturities of Long-term debts

 

 

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

[all figures are INR Million]

 

DEBT EQUITY RATIO

 

Particular

31.03.2014

31.03.2015

31.03.2016

 

INR In Million

INR In Million

INR In Million

Share Capital

0.295

0.295

0.295

Reserves & Surplus

(0.612)

(1.453)

(2.508)

Money received against share warrants

0.000

0.000

0.000

Share Application money pending allotment

0.000

0.000

0.000

Net worth

(0.317)

(1.158)

(2.213)

 

 

 

 

Long-term borrowings

0.000

0.000

0.000

Short term borrowings

3.209

10.003

21.054

Total borrowings

3.209

10.003

21.054

Debt/Equity ratio

(10.123)

(8.638)

(9.514)

 

 

 

 

 


 

LOCAL AGENCY FURTHER INFORMATION

 

Sr. No.

Check list by info agents

Available in Report (Yes/No)

1

Year of establishment

Yes

2

Constitution of the entity -Incorporation details

Yes

3

Locality of the entity

Yes

4

Premises details

No

5

Buyer visit details

--

6

Contact numbers

Yes

7

Name of the person contacted

No

8

Designation of contact person

No

9

Promoter’s background

Yes

10

Date of Birth of Proprietor / Partners / Directors

Yes

11

Pan Card No. of Proprietor / Partners

No

12

Voter Id Card No. of Proprietor / Partners

No

13

Type of business

Yes

14

Line of Business

Yes

15

Export/import details (if applicable)

No

16

No. of employees

No

17

Details of sister concerns

No

18

Major suppliers

No

19

Major customers

No

20

Banking Details

No

21

Banking facility details

No

22

Conduct of the banking account

--

23

Financials, if provided

Yes

24

Capital in the business

Yes

25

Last accounts filed at ROC, if applicable

No

26

Turnover of firm for last three years

Yes

27

Reasons for variation <> 20%

--

28

Estimation for coming financial year

No

29

Profitability for last three years

Yes

30

Major shareholders, if available

Yes

31

External Agency Rating, if available

No

32

Litigations that the firm/promoter involved in

--

33

Market information

--

34

Payments terms

No

35

Negative Reporting by Auditors in the Annual Report

No

 

NOTE: Registered office of the company has been shifted from 103, Jagat Trade Centre, Fraser Road, Patna-800001, Bihar, India to the present address w.e.f. 17.01.2014.

 

 

UNSECURED LOANS:

 

Particulars

31.03.2016

INR In Million

31.03.2015

INR In Million

SHORT TERM BORROWINGS

 

 

Loans and Advances from customers

21.054

10.003

Total

21.054

10.003

 

 

INDEX OF CHARGE: NO CHARGES EXISTS FOR COMPANY

 

 

FIXED ASSETS:

 

Tangible Asset:

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Furniture and Fixture
  • Computer

 

Intangible Asset:

·      Computer software

 


CMT REPORT (Corruption, Money Laundering & Terrorism]

 

The Public Notice information has been collected from various sources including but not limited to: The Courts, India Prisons Service, Interpol, etc.

 

1]         INFORMATION ON DESIGNATED PARTY

No records exist designating subject or any of its beneficial owners, controlling shareholders or senior officers as terrorist or terrorist organization or whom notice had been received that all financial transactions involving their assets have been blocked or convicted, found guilty or against whom a judgement or order had been entered in a proceedings for violating money-laundering, anti-corruption or bribery or international economic or anti-terrorism sanction laws or whose assets were seized, blocked, frozen or ordered forfeited for violation of money laundering or international anti-terrorism laws.

 

2]         Court Declaration :

No records exist to suggest that subject is or was the subject of any formal or informal allegations, prosecutions or other official proceeding for making any prohibited payments or other improper payments to government officials for engaging in prohibited transactions or with designated parties.

 

3]         Asset Declaration :

No records exist to suggest that the property or assets of the subject are derived from criminal conduct or a prohibited transaction.

 

4]         Record on Financial Crime :

            Charges or conviction registered against subject:                                                           None

 

5]         Records on Violation of Anti-Corruption Laws :

            Charges or investigation registered against subject:                                                        None

 

6]         Records on Int’l Anti-Money Laundering Laws/Standards :

            Charges or investigation registered against subject:                                                        None

 

7]         Criminal Records

No available information exist that suggest that subject or any of its principals have been formally charged or convicted by a competent governmental authority for any financial crime or under any formal investigation by a competent government authority for any violation of anti-corruption laws or international anti-money laundering laws or standard.

 

8]         Affiliation with Government :

No record exists to suggest that any director or indirect owners, controlling shareholders, director, officer or employee of the company is a government official or a family member or close business associate of a Government official.

 

9]         Compensation Package :

Our market survey revealed that the amount of compensation sought by the subject is fair and reasonable and comparable to compensation paid to others for similar services.

 

10]        Press Report :

            No press reports / filings exists on the subject.

 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

MIRA INFORM as part of its Due Diligence do provide comments on Corporate Governance to identify management and governance. These factors often have been predictive and in some cases have created vulnerabilities to credit deterioration.

 

Our Governance Assessment focuses principally on the interactions between a company’s management, its Board of Directors, Shareholders and other financial stakeholders.

 

 

CONTRAVENTION

 

Subject is not known to have contravened any existing local laws, regulations or policies that prohibit, restrict or otherwise affect the terms and conditions that could be included in the agreement with the subject.

 

 

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES

 

Currency

 

Unit

INR

US Dollar

1

INR 66.78

UK Pound

1

INR 92.89

Euro

1

INR 80.74

 

 

INFORMATION DETAILS

 

Information Gathered by :

AKY

 

 

Analysis Done by :

PRS

 

 

Report Prepared by :

BHG

 


 

SCORE FACTORS

 

DEMERIT POINTS

 

 

--BANK CHARGES

YES/NO

NO

--LITIGATION

YES/NO

NO

--OTHER ADVERSE INFORMATION

YES/NO

NO

MERIT POINTS

 

 

--SOLE DISTRIBUTORSHIP

YES/NO

NO

--EXPORT ACTIVITIES

YES/NO

NO

--AFFILIATION

YES/NO

NO

--LISTED

YES/NO

NO

--OTHER MERIT FACTORS

YES/NO

NO

 

RATING EXPLANATIONS

 

Credit Rating

Explanation

Rating Comments

A++

Minimum Risk

Business dealings permissible with minimum risk of default

A+

Low Risk

Business dealings permissible with low risk of default

A

Acceptable Risk

Business dealings permissible with moderate risk of default

B

Medium Risk

Business dealings permissible on a regular monitoring basis

C

Medium High Risk

Business dealings permissible preferably on secured basis

D

High Risk

Business dealing not recommended or on secured terms only

NB

New Business

No recommendation can be done due to business in infancy stage

NT

No Trace

No recommendation can be done as the business is not traceable

 

NB is stated where there is insufficient information to facilitate rating. However, it is not to be considered as unfavourable.

 

This score serves as a reference to assess SC’s credit risk and to set the amount of credit to be extended. It is calculated from a composite of weighted scores obtained from each of the major sections of this report. The assessed factors are as follows:

 

·         Financial condition covering various ratios

·         Company background and operations size

·         Promoters / Management background

·         Payment record

·         Litigation against the subject

·         Industry scenario / competitor analysis

·         Supplier / Customer / Banker review (wherever available)

 

 

 

PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL : This information is provided to you at your request, you having employed MIPL for such purpose. You will use the information as aid only in determining the propriety of giving credit and generally as an aid to your business and for no other purpose. You will hold the information in strict confidence, and shall not reveal it or make it known to the subject persons, firms or corporations or to any other. MIPL does not warrant the correctness of the information as you hold it free of any liability whatsoever. You will be liable to and indemnify MIPL for any loss, damage or expense, occasioned by your breach or non observance of any one, or more of these conditions

This report is issued at your request without any risk and responsibility on the part of MIRA INFORM PRIVATE LIMITED (MIPL) or its officials.